Immobilization of Urease onto Nanochitosan Enhanced the Enzyme Efficiency: Biophysical Studies and in Vitro Clinical Application on Nephropathy Diabetic Iraqi Patients

Figure 5

Effect of the immobilized urease enzyme on the activity of serum urease enzyme and urea concentration of nephropathy diabetic patients and control volunteers: (a) levels of FBS in patients compared to that in control, (b) effect of the immobilized urease enzyme on the enzyme activity, and (c) effect of the immobilized urease enzyme on the urea level. All data were collected in triplicates. The black bars refer to the standard error of means SEM. The significance level of differences was <0.0001.

(a)

(b)

(c)