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Nr. | Plants | Plant’s part/simple size | Nanoparticle | Shape | Nanoparticle size (nm) | Precursor solution | Characterization/extraction techniques | Additional catalyst(s) or control variables | Applications of NPs | Reference |
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1 | Medicago sativa L. | Callus cultures from seeds/a known mass | Ag | Spherical, disk, irregular | 2–50 | AgNO3 | UV-Vis, TEM, FTIR/fresh callus soaked in nonaerated silver nitrate for extraction | Time, room temperature, no light exposure, Ag precursor concentration, ratio of pH | — | Hegazy et al. [65] |
2 | Carica papaya L. | Callus cultures (CC) of shoot-tips and leaf-bits/20 g | Ag | Spherical | 60–80 | AgNO3 | FTIR, SEM, XRD/crushing in sterile distilled water for extraction | Time, room temperature, amount of extract, Ag precursor concentration | — | Mude et al. [66] |
3 | Sesuvium portulacastrum L. | CC of whole plant/20 g | Ag | Spherical | 5–20 | AgNO3 | UV-Vis, TEM, FT-IR/centrifugation for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature | Antimicrobial activity | Nabikhan et al. [67] |
4 | Arachis hypogaea L. | CC of leaves/20 g | Au | Spherical | 31–50 | HAuCl4 | UV-Vis, XRD, EDS, SAED/centrifugation for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature | — | Raju et al. [68] |
5 | Justicia jendaracia (Burm.f) | CC of seedlings/25 g | Ag | Spherical | 50–65 | AgNO3 | UV-Vis, SEM/crushing in sterile distilled water for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature | Antibacterial activity | Namasivayam et al. [69] |
6 | Michelia champaca L. | CC of fresh flowers/25 g | Ag, Au | Multiple shapes | 1–200 | HAuCl4, AgNO3 | UV-Vis/for extraction TEM, XRD, DLS, ICP-OES, FTIR/crushing in sterile distilled water for extraction | Time, ratio of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature | Antimicrobial activity | Indira-Iyer and Panda [70] |
7 | Linum usitatissimum L. | CC of whole plant/10 g of CC | Ag | Spherical | 19–24 49–54 | AgNO3 | UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD TEM, FT-IR/crushing in sterile distilled water for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature | Bactericidal activity | Anjum and Abbasi [38] |
8 | Taxus yunnanensis Zucc. | CC of whole plant/50 g | Ag | Spherical | 6.4–27.2 | AgNO3 | UV-visible, TEM, XRD, FTIR/crushing in sterile, boiled distilled water for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature, pH | Antibacterial activity, anticancer activity | Xia et al. [71] |
9 | Couroupita guianensis Aubl. | CC of leaves/10 g | Ag | Spherical | 30.38–88.32 | AgNO3 | UV-visible, SEM, AFM, FTIR/crushing in sterile, boiled distilled water for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature, pH | Antimicrobial potential | Kumar et al. [72] |
10 | Viola canescens Wall. | CC of leaves, petiole/12 g | ZnO | Hexagonal | 0.9 | Zn (NO3)2 | UV-visible, XRD, FTIR, SEM/heating for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature | Antibacterial activity | Khajuria et al. [73] |
11 | Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Kuntze | CC of whole plant/20 g | Ag | Spherical | 12–25 | AgNO3 | UV-visible, EDS, SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR/heating for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature | Anticancer activity | Botcha and Prattipati [74] |
12 | Cinnamomum camphora Nees. | CC of plantlets/1 g | Ag | Spherical | 5.47–9.48 | AgNO3 | UV-Vis, TEM, SEM-EDX, DLS, FT-IR, XRD/incubation under different types of light for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature, pH | Antibacterial activities | Aref and Salem [64] |
13 | Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold, Zucc. | CC of whole plant/0.1 g of dry simple | Ag, Au | Spherical | 20–50 | AgNO3, HAuCl4 | UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, EDX/boiled water for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature | Anticancer activity | Shkryl et al. (2021) [75] |
14 | Alhagi maurorum Medik. | CC of seeds/a known mass | Ag | Spherical | 16–30 | AgNO3 | UV–VIS, FTIR, XRD, TEM/stirring for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, temperature | Antimicrobial activity | Sehrawat et al. [76] |
15 | Solanum incanum L. | CC of leaves and petioles/a known mass | Ag | Spherical, crystallographic | 15–60 | AgNO3 | UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD TEM, FT-IR/heating for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature | Antimicrobial, cytotoxic efficacy | Lashin et al. [77] |
16 | Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov | CC of seeds/20 g | Ag | Spherical | 35–77 | AgNO3 | UV-visible, SEM, XRD, FTIR, EDX, TGA/heating for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature, pH | Antibacterial activity | Khan et al. [61] |
17 | Randia aculeata L | CC of leaves/a known mass | Ag | Spherical | 10–40 | AgNO3 | UV-VIS, DLS, TEM, FTIR/heating for extraction | Time, amount of extract and precursor, centrifugation parameters, temperature, pH | Antibacterial, antiproliferative activity | Bernabé-Antonio [78] |
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