Review Article

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Targeted Therapies and Future Directions

Table 1

Targeted therapies currently in clinical trial development for MTC.

DrugTargetMechanism of action

Zactima (ZD6474)VEGFR, RET, EGFR (HER1)Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
XL184VEGFR2, MET, RETTyrosine kinase inhibitor
Imatinib (STI571)bcr-abl, PDGFR, C-KITTyrosine kinase inhibitor
Sorafinib (BAY-43-9006)BRAF, CRAF, VEGFR, RET, PDGFRTyrosine kinase inhibitor
Sunitinib (SU11248)VEGFR, RET, PDGFR, C-KIT, CSF-1R, flt3Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
AMG-706VEGFR1-3, PDGFR, C-KITTyrosine kinase inhibitor
GefitinibEGFR (HER1)Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Axitinib (AG-013736)VEGFR, PDGFR, C-KITTyrosine kinase inhibitor
Pazopanib (GW786034)VEGFR1-3, PDGFR, C-KITTyrosine kinase inhibitor
SAHANotch1, TNF-α, IL-1-β, IL-6, IFN-γHDAC inhibitor
LithiumGSK-3ßUnknown, suspected GSK3 inhibition, inositol depletion