Anticancer Drugs from Marine Flora: An Overview

Table 1

Some of the marine floral derivatives and their anticancer activities.

Marine flora	Chemical	Biological activity	Reference
Microbial flora
Microcystis aeruginosa	MicroviridinToxin BE-4, Siatoxin	Antibiotic, anticancer	[84, 85]
Streptomyces peucetius	Daunorubicin	Anticancer activities on acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia	[86]
Algal flora
Cyanobacteria Nostoc linckia and Nostoc spongiaeforme var. tenue	Borophycin	Cytotoxicity against human epidermoid carcinoma (LoVo) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma activity	[48]
Cyanobacteria	Apratoxins	Inhibit a variety of cancer cell lines	[45]
Nostoc linckia	Cyptophycin 1	Cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines and human solid tumors	[50]
Nostoc spongiaeforme	Cryptophycin 8	Greater therapeutic efficiency and lower toxicity than cryptophycin 14 in vivo	[51]
Stylopodium sp.	Stypoldione	Cytotoxic	[76]
Chondria sp.	Condriamide A	Cytotoxicity	[77]
Caulerpa sp.	Caulerpenyne	Cytotoxicity, anticancer, antitumour, and antiproliferating activity	[78–80]
Cystophora sp.	Meroterpenes and Usneoidone	Antitumour	[81]
Symploca sp.	Largazole	Antiproliferative activity	[44]
Lyngbya boulloni	apratoxin A	Cytotoxicity to adenocarcinoma	[45]
Leptolyngbya sp.	coibamide A	Cytotoxicity against NCIH460 lung and mouse neuro-2a cells	[46]
Stigonema sp.	Scytonemin	Antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities	[41]
Acanthophora spicifera	Crude	Tumoricidal activity on Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma cells developed in mice	[56, 57]
Acanthophora spicifera	Crude	Antioxidants and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation	[56, 57]
Palmaria palmata	Phloroglucinol and its polymers, namely, eckol (a trimer), phlorofucofuroeckol A (a pentamer), dieckol, and 8,8′-bieckol (hexamers)	Antioxidant activity of the phlorotannins	[55]
Eisenia bicyclis	Phloroglucinol and its polymers, namely eckol (a trimer), phlorofucofuroeckol A (a pentamer), dieckol, and 8,8′-bieckol (hexamers)	Antioxidant activity of the phlorotannins	[82, 83]
Sargassum thunbergii	Crude	Antitumour activity, inhibition of tumour metastasis in rat mammary adeno carcinoma cell (13762 MAT)	[72, 73]
Ascophyllum nodosum	Fucoidan	Antiproliferative antitumour, anticancer, antimetastatic, and fibrinolytic	[74, 75]
Mangroves and other coastal plants
Ceriops decandra	Lignins	Antioxidant	[87]
Ceriops decandra	Mangrove tea	Anticancer	[88]
Acanthus ilicifolius	Ribose derivatives of benzoxazoline	Anticancer	[89, 90]
Calophyllum inophyllum	Xanthone, biflavonoids, benzophenones, neoflavanoids, and coumarin derivatives	Anticancer, antitumour, and lipid peroxidation	[91, 92]
Excoecaria agallocha	Diterpenes exhibited remarkable antitumour promoting activity in vivo on two-stage carcinogenesis test of tumour	Antitumour activity of methanolic extract based on three assays: (i) DPPH radical scavenging, (ii) linoleic acid oxidation assay, and (iii) oxidative cell death assay	[93]