Genetic Predisposition to Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer: An Update of Molecular Findings and State-of-the-Art Studies

Table 1

Familial syndromes with associated non-medullary thyroid cancer.

Syndrome	Clinical Features	Inheritance pattern	Locus	Gene
Gardner’s syndrome (FAP)	gastrointestinal adenomatous polyps, osteomas, epidermoid cysts, hypertrophy of the retinal epithelium, desmoid tumors, PTC (cribiform-morular variant)	Autosomal dominant	5q21	APC
Cowden disease	hamartoma, breast cancer, PTC, FTC	Autosomal dominant	10q22	PTEN
Carney complex	pituitary, gonadal, and adrenal gland cancer, PTC, FTC	Autosomal dominant	17q23-24	PRKAR1a
Werner syndrome	Premature aging, soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcoma, FTC/PTC	Autosomal recessive	8p11-p12	WRN