Cancer Malignancy Is Enhanced by Glyceraldehyde-Derived Advanced Glycation End-Products

Figure 5

(a) and (b) Cells were incubated with control unglycated BSA or Glycer-AGEs for 24 h. The levels of TGF-$\beta$ (a) and MMP-2 (b) mRNA expression were analyzed using the real-time RT-PCR method, and the result was normalized to the β-actin mRNA level. (c) and (d) Cells were incubated with control unglycated BSA or Glycer-AGEs for 48 h. The conditioned medium was collected, and the activities of pro-MMP-2 (c) and MMP-2 (the activated form) were measured (d). Data are shown as the mean $\pm$ SD ($n\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}=\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}3$) ${}^{**}P\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}<\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}.01$ versus control unglycated BSA.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)