Ganglioside GM3 Is Antiangiogenic in Malignant Brain Cancer

Figure 8

GM3 inhibits VEGFR-2 and Akt phosphorylation in HUVEC. HUVECs were incubated with GM3 (100 ng/ml) in endothelial basal medium (EBM) for 24 hours and were then stimulated with VEGF (100 ng/ml) for 5 minutes as we described [49]. (a) Cell lysates were prepared and measurement of VEGFR-2 and Akt phosphorylation over total was analyzed using Western blots [49]. (b) VEGFR-2 and (c) Akt phosphorylation were significantly lower in GM3-treated HUVEC than in control HUVEC ($P<.001$). Values are expressed as $\text{means}\pm \text{SEM}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}$($n=3$ independent experiments).

(a)

(b)

(c)