|
| Epigenetic marker | Location | Sample size | Cause of over and underexpression | Type of change | Percentage (%) of cases found | Stage of ovarian cancer | Type of ovarian cancer | Comments | Reference |
|
| BRCA1 | 17q21 | (1) 98M/12H
(2) 50M | (1) Epigenetic
(2) Epigenetic | (1) Hypermethylation
(2) Hypermethylation | (1) 12%
(2) 16% | (2) Early and late stage | (1) Serous
(2) No difference noted | | (1) [47]
(2) [17] |
| ARHI | 1p31 | (1) 38M/3C | (1) Epigenetic | (1) LOH | (1) 41% | (1) Not provided | (1) Not provided | | (1) [48] |
| OPCML | 11q25 | (1) 118M | (1) Epigenetic | (1) Hypermethylation/
LOH | (1) 27–49% | (1) No difference noted | (1) Not provided | | (1) [49] |
| Metastasis-related gene synuclein-gamma (SNCG) | 10q23 | (1) 5C
(2) 43M | (1) Epigenetic
(2) Epigenetic | (1) Hypomethylation
(2) Hypomethylation | (1) 100%
(2) 76.7% | (1) Not provided
(2) No differences noted | (1) Not provided
(2) No differences noted | (1) Reexpressed genetic expression in aggressive ovarian cancer lines
(2) Expressed in a large portion of malignant tumors | (1) [50]
(2) [51] |
| Satellite 2 DNA (Sat2)—chromosome 1 (Chr1), satellite alpha (Satα) | Near centromeres of chromosomes 1 and 16 | (1) 115M/26B | (1) Epigenetic | (1) Hypomethylation | (1) 30% (Chr1 Sat2), 33% (Chr1 Satα) | (1) Late stage | (1) Serous, endometrioid | (1) More pravelent in high-grade tumors | (1) [52] |
| RASSF1A | 3p21.3 | (1) 50M | (1) Epigenetic, genetic∧ | (1) Hypermethylation | (1) 50%, 68%* | (1) Early and late stage | (1) Serous, endometrioid, clear cell | Genetic cause: deletion∧ | (1) [53] |
| Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) | 7p13-p12 | (1) 235M | (1) Epigenetic | (1) Hyper/promoter methylation | (1) 44% | (1) Early and late stage | (1) No difference noted | (1) Significant higher levels of methylation within early-stage disease and association with overall survival | (1) [54] |
| 14-3-3sigma (SFN) | 1p36.11 | (1) 54M/3C | (1) Epigenetic | (1) Hypermethylation | (1) 78.6% (clear cell), 36.4% (mucinous), 20% (endometrioid), 26.3% (serous) | (1) Not provided | (1) Mostly clear cell | (1) Significantly related to the pathologic type of ovarian cancer | (1) [55] |
| DNAJ (MCJ) | 13q14.1 | (1) 41M (stage III/IV) | (1) Epigenetic | (1) Hypomethylation | (1) 93%—some level of methylation, 17%—high level of methylation | (1) Late stage | (1) Not provided | (1) High levels of CpG island methylation correlated significantly with poor response of patients’ tumors to therapy and poor overall survival | (1) [56] |
| P53 | 17q13 | (1) 70M | (1) Genetic | (1) Allelic loss and mutations | (1) 31–39% | (1) Not provided Usually seen in advanced stage# | (1) Mostly serous | | (1) [57] |
| ARID1a | 1p35.1 | (1) 119M (clear cell)/33M (endometrioid)
(2) 42M | (1) Epigenetic
(2) Epigenetic | (1) Allele mutation
(2) Allele mutation | (1) 46% (clear cell), 30% (endometrioid)
(2) 57% | (1) Not provided
(2) Not provided | (1) Clear cell, endometrioid
(2) Clear cell | (1) Correlated with loss of BAF250a protein
(2) 7% of cases showed mutations in PPP2R1A gene | (1) [58]
(2) [59] |
|
