The Role of Nutraceuticals in Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy and Their Clinical Outcomes

Table 5

Factors conducive to the anticarcinogenic efficacy of nutraceuticals.

Factors	Possible effects on the bioactive components in the dietary supplement
Bioavailability	Metabolism
	Time taken to achieve maximum plasma concentration
	Maximum plasma concentration, half-life
Method of ingestion	Oral
	Intraperitoneal
	Subcutaneous
Form of ingestion	Powder/capsule
	Liquid
	Cooked (solid)
	Raw (solid)
Formulation	Ratio of pure to the compound conjugates
Stability	Preference for an acidic or basic environment (pH)
Mechanism of action	Direct via receptors on the cell surface or into the nuclear region via channels
	Indirect conjugated metabolites affecting parts of metabolic pathways