| First author, year, and country | Study design |
Population | Cases/controls or P-years | Type of exposure | Range of exposure | RR (95% CI) | Variables of adjustment or comment |
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Lahmann 2004 Germany [23] | | | | BMI | | | Study center, age, educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol consumption, parity, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche, and current pill use | | | | non-HRT | >30 versus <25 | 1.31 (1.08–1.59) | Cohort | Caucasian | 1,405/103,344 | HRT | >30 versus <25 | 0.66 (0.45–0.98) | WHR | | | | | | non-HRT | >0.84 versus <0.73 | 0.94 (0.74–1.21) | | | | HRT | >0.84 versus <0.73 | 0.85 (0.60–1.20) | Tehard 2006 France [28] | Cohort | Caucasian | 860/41497 | BMI WHR | ≥30 versus <18.5 ≥0.82 versus 0.74 | 1.44 (1.04–1.99) 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | FHBC, age at menarche, age at first birth, parity, history of benign breast disease, alcohol consumption, number of years of education, marital status, and physical activity | Bardia 2008 United States [44] | Cohort | Caucasian | 2503/35941 | Weight at age 12 | Above versus average | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | Age, education status, age at menopause, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, BMI at age 18 years, OC, HRT, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity level | Baer 2010 United States [45] | Cohort | Caucasian | 4974/188,860 | Body fatness Childhood 5–10 Y Adolescent 10–20 Y | 0.1 unit increase 0.1 unit increase | 0.93 (0.90–0.95) 0.91 (0.89–0.93) | Age, time period, parity/age at first birth, FHBC, personal history of benign BC, height, alcohol intake, OC use, birth weight, age at menopause, and HRT use | Kuriyama 2005 Japan [46] | Cohort | Asian | 65/9,666 | BMI | ≥30 versus <25 | 2.67 (1.03–6.92) | Age, smoking, alcohol, consumption of meat, fish, fruits, green or yellow consumption of bean-paste soup, type of health, parity, age at menarche, and age at FFT pregnancy | Iwasaki 2007 Japan [47] | Cohort | Asian | 441/55,537 | BMI | >30 versus <19 | 2.28 (0.94–5.53) | Age, area, number of births, age at first birth, and height | Kawai 2010 Japan [22] | Cohort | Asian | 108/10,106 | BMI | ≥25 versus <20 | 2.54 (1.16–5.55) | Age, education, smoking, alcohol, and time spent walking, Menstrual and reproductive factors, HRT, and FHBC | Palmer 2007 United States [35] | Cohort | African-American | 455/59,000 | BMI at age 18 Current BMI WHR | ≥25 versus <20 ≥37 versus <25 ≥0.87 versus <0.71 | 0.55 (0.37–0.82) 0.78 (0.58–1.05) 1.01 (0.74–1.40) | Age, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, and family history of breast cancer | Friedenreich 2002 Canada [48] | Case-control | Caucasian | 771/762 | BMI WHR | ≥31.3 versus <24.1 ≥0.83 versus <0.75 | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) 1.43 (1.07–1.93) | Age, total caloric intake, physical activity, educational level, HRT, diagnosed with benign BC, FHBC, alcohol, and current smoke | Huang 1999 United States [38] | Case-control | Caucasian African-American | 436/354 | WHR | >0.8 versus ≤0.8 | 1.40 (1.10–1.70) | Age at menarche, nulliparity, breastfeeding, Abortion or miscarriage, BMI, WHR, oral contraceptive, HRT, FHBC, smoking, alcohol, education, medical radiation to the chest | | | | | BMI | | | | | | | | Black | 30.1–59.2 versus 14.6–24.6 | 0.68 (0.33–1.42) | | Hall 2000 United States [40] | Case-control | Caucasian African-American | 382/419 | White | 30.1–59.2 versus 14.6–24.6 | 1.08 (0.58–2.00) | Age, age at menarche, parity/age at FFT pregnancy, lactation, and education | WHR | | | | | | | Black | 0.86–1.34 versus 0.6–0.77 | 1.62 (0.70–3.79) | | | | | | White | 0.86–1.34 versus 0.6–0.77 | 1.64 (0.88–3.07) | | | | | | BMI at 18 years | ≥25 versus <20 | 0.72 (0.55–0.96) | | Berstad 2010 United States [30] | Case-control | Caucasian African-American | 1,900/2,006 | Recent BMI | | | Age, race, education, study site, FHBC, parity, age at menopause, and HRT | Caucasian | ≥35 versus <25 | 0.75 (0.53–1.06) | | | | | African-American | ≥35 versus <25 | 1.26 (0.55–1.85) | | Ogundiran 2010 Nigeria [34] | Case-control | African | 498/266 | BMI | ≥28 versus <21 | 0.76 (0.48–1.21) | Age, ethnicity, education, menarche, parity, age at FFTP, breastfeeding, menopausal status, age at menopause, FHBC, benign breast disease, contraceptive, alcohol | Adebamowo 2003 Nigeria [49] | Case-control | African | 234/273 | BMI | ≥30 versus <20 | 1.82 (0.78–4.31) | Age, age at menarche, age at FFT pregnancy, height | Wenten 2002 United States [50] | Case-control | Caucasian Hispanic | 687/820 | BMI | | | Age; FHBC; total MET-hours; parity; OC; breastfeeding; age at first live birth; months of HRT use | Caucasian | ≥30 versus <22 | 2.77 (0.86–8.89) | Hispanic | ≥30 versus <22 | 1.32 (0.47–3.72) | | | | | BMI non-HRT user | | | Age, center, physical activity level, energy intake, alcohol intake, age at menopause, parity, and Height | | | | | Caucasian | >30 versus <25 | 1.61 (1.05–2.45) | Slattery 2007 United States [36] | Case-control | Caucasian Hispanic | 2,325/2,525 | Hispanic | >30 versus <25 | 0.80 (0.44–1.45) | WHR non-HRT user | | | | | | | Caucasian | >0.9 versus <0.8 | 1.51 (0.93–2.46) | | | | | Hispanic | >0.9 versus <0.8 | 0.77 (0.39–1.50) | Ng 1997 Singapore [33] | Case-control | Asian | 130/585 | WHR | >0.86 versus <0.75 | 8.19 (3.40–19.50) | Age, menopausal status, age at menarche, parity, number of birth, age at FFT birth, HRT, OC, breast feeding, smoking, height, weight, and BMI | Chow 2005 China [20] | Case-control | Asian | 198/353 | BMI | 23–27 versus <19 <31 versus <19 | 1.73 (1.04–2.86) 3.82 (1.03–14.27) | Age, number of pregnancies, family history of breast cancer, income, smoking, alcohol, use of OC, and education | Wu 2007 Japan [39] | Case-control | Asian | 1,277/1,160 | BMI WHR | >24.60 versus ≤20.43 >0.84 versus ≤0.76 | 1.35 (0.95–1.93) 1.48 (1.02–2.15) | Age, Asian ethnicity, duration of residence in the US, education, menarche, parity, menopausal status, age at menopause, intake of tea and soy, and physical activity |
Mathew 2008 India [24] | Case-control | Asian | 968/691 | BMI | 25–29.9 versus <25 >30 versus <25 | 1.29 (1.00–1.66) 1.00 (0.64–1.54) | Age, center, religion, marital status, education socioeconomic status, residence status, parity, age at 1st childbirth, duration of breast feeding, and physical activity | Connolly 2002 Canada [37] | Meta-analysis | All | 19 studies | WHR | 0.1 unit increase | 1.50 (1.10–2.04) | A meta-analysis was done to summarize the literature on WHR and breast cancer risk published from January 1966 to August 2002 |
Harvie 2003 United kingdom [32] | Meta-analysis | All | 8 studies: 5 cohort and 3 case-control | WHR | | | Lifestyles and reproductive factors (confounders that were found to be significant in proportional hazard regression analysis) | Cohort studies | 0.75 versus 0.80 | 1.32 (1.16–1.49) | Case-control studies | 0.75 versus 0.80 | 1.82 (0.85–3.85) | Suzuki 2009 Sweden [27] | Meta-analysis | All | 31 studies: 9 cohort and 22 case-control | BMI ER+PR+ | 0.5 unit increase | 1.33 (120–1.48) | Meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies (from 1970 to 2007) was performed to clarify the association between body weight and the incidence of BC defined by ER/PR status of the tumors | Van Den Brandt 2000 United States [29] | Meta-analysis | Caucasian | 4,385/337,819 | BMI | 21 versus 31 | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | HRT, OC, history of benign breast disease, FHBC, smoking status, education, fat intake, fiber intake, energy intake, and alcohol intake | Renehan 2008 United States [25] | Meta-analysis | Caucasian Asian | 31 studies | BMI all North American European and Australian Asia-Pacific | 5 units increase 5 units increase 5 units increase 5 units increase | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) 1.15 (1.08–1.23) 1.09 (1.04–1.48) 1.31 (1.15–1.48) | Cohort and case-control studies published from 1966 to November 2007 were included in the analysis. The dose response meta-analysis was adjusted by geographic region and cancer site | Sarkissyan 2011 United States [51] | Cross- sectional | African-American Hispanic | 237/234 | BMI | | | Age, ethnicity, comorbidity, and menopausal status | African-American | ≥30 versus <25 | 4.8 (1.8–12.7) | Hispanic | ≥30 versus <25 | 1.4 (0.5–4.1) |
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