Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Clinically Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma

Table 1

Studies of stereotactic radiotherapy as the primary treatment of localized RCC.

Study	Year	Prospective/retrospective	Dosing	Number of patients (number of lesions)	Median or mean tumor size (volume or diameter)	Median or mean follow-up (months)	Disease control^3 (CR if reported)	Renal function	Adverse events ≥ grade 3
Qian et al. [30]	2003	Retrospective	8 Gy × 5	20 (27)	376 cc	12	93%	NR	NR
Beitler et al. [31]	2004	Retrospective	8 Gy × 5	9 (11)	4.96 cm	26.7	67%	NR	None
Wersäll et al. [32]^1	2005	Retrospective	8 Gy × 4; 10 Gy × 4; 15 Gy × 3	8	NR	37	88%	Unchanged	Unclear
Gilson et al. [33]	2006	Retrospective	8 Gy × 5	14 (33)	356 cc	17	94%	NR	NR
Svedman et al. [26]^1	2006	Prospective (phase II)	8 Gy × 4; 10 Gy × 4; 15 Gy × 2; 15 Gy × 3	5	NR	52	60%	NR	Unclear
Ponsky et al. [27]^2	2007	Prospective	4 Gy × 4	3	2.03 cm	NA	NA	Unchanged	None
Teh et al. [34]^1	2007	Retrospective	24–40 Gy over 3–6 fractions	2	NR	9	100% (0%)	Unchanged	None
Svedman et al. [35]^1	2008	Retrospective	10 Gy × 3; 10 Gy × 4	7	6.04 cm	39	86%	Decreased function in 29%	None
Nomiya et al. [19]	2008	Retrospective	4-5 GyE × 16	10	4.3 cm	57.5	100% (10%)	Decreased function in 20%	1 (10%) grade 4 skin toxicity
McBride et al. [18]	2013	Prospective (phase I)	7 Gy × 3; 9 Gy × 3; 11 Gy × 3; 13 Gy × 3; 16 Gy × 3	15	3.4 cm	36.7	87% (7%)	Mean decline of 18 mg/dL	1 (6.7%) late grade 3 renal dysfunction
Nair et al. [36]	2013	Unknown	13 Gy × 3	3	21.3 cc	13	100%	Unchanged	None
Lo et al. [37]	2014	Retrospective	8 Gy × 5	3	4.77 cm	21.6	100% (0%)	Decreased function in 33%	None
Wang et al.^1 [38]	2014	Retrospective	36–51 Gy over 10–17 fractions	9	4 cm	38.2	33% (0%)	Unchanged	None
Staehler et al. [17]	2015	Prospective	25 Gy × 1	30	33.7 cc	28.1	100% (20%)	Unchanged	None

CR, complete response; Gy, gray; GyE, gray equivalents; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported.
¹Some or all of patients treated had metastatic lesions as well, but primary sites were treated and local control was reported.
²Tumors were resected after radiation; therefore eventual outcomes were not reported.
³Reported as the percentage of complete response, partial response, or stable disease. New metastases were counted as treatment failures. These rates cannot be directly compared to those reported for thermal ablation, which do not include stable disease as a success when calculating local control.