Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Renal Cancer Brain Metastasis: Prognostic Factors and the Role of Whole-Brain Radiation and Surgical Resection

Table 4

Summary of literature on SRS for renal cell brain metastasis.

Study	Year	Number of patients	Number of lesions	Median tumor volume (cm^3)	Dose range (Gy)	Radiosurgery device	Median overall survival (months)	One-year local control (%)	One-year distant progression-free survival (%)
Present study	2014	66	207	0.688	12–30	Cyberknife	13.9	84% (SRS only); 94% (Surgery + SRS); 88% (WBRT + SRS)	35.2
Seastone et al. [31]	2014	166	487	1.96	12–35	Gamma knife	ND	90	ND
Lwu et al. [32]	2013	16	41	0.4	15–25	Gamma knife	ND	91	ND
Kim et al. [9, 14]	2012	46	99	3.0	12–25	Gamma knife	10	84.7	ND
Kano et al. [29]	2011	158	531	2.8	10–22	Gamma knife	8.2	86	45
Nieder et al. [43]	2011	35	ND	ND	ND	ND	10.1	ND	ND
Lo et al. [33]	2011	14	22	4	15–22	Gamma knife	6.5	95.5	40.2
Fokas et al. [24]	2010	51	ND	ND	15–22	LINAC	12	81	ND
Marko et al. [34]	2010	19	59	1.72	21.3	Gamma knife	12.58	95	ND
Hara et al. [44]	2009	18	145	1.47	14–24	Cyberknife	14.2	87	38
Shuch et al. [45]	2008	138	ND	1.7	ND	ND	10.7	ND	ND
Powell et al. [35]	2008	23	303	ND	8–30	Gamma knife	5.1	93.6	37.3
Jensen et al. [21]	2008	28	59	0.9	15–22	LINAC	7.03	60.9	ND
Samlowski et al. [36]	2008	32	71	0.03–26.9	15–24	LINAC	6.7	86	ND
Shuto et al. [30]	2006	69	314	1.5	8–30	Gamma knife	9.5	82.6	ND
Manon et al. [46]	2005	14	ND	ND	15–24	ND	8.3	67.8	67.8
Chang et al. [16]	2005	77	99	1.5	15–24	LINAC	9.1	64.3	60
Muacevic et al. [37]	2004	85	376	1.2	15–35	Gamma knife	11.1	94	ND
Noel et al. [19]	2004	28	65	1.28	10.9–22.3	LINAC	11	93	70
Sheehan et al. [7]	2003	69	146	2.8	12.5–32	Gamma knife	6	96	ND
Petrovich et al. [47]	2002	29	70	ND	20	Gamma knife	12	ND	ND
Hernandez et al. [17]	2002	29	92	4.7	13–30	Gamma knife	7	ND	ND
Siebels et al. [38]	2002	58	277	3.4	15–35	Gamma knife	9.9	95	ND
Wowra et al. [39]	2002	75	350	1.6	15–35	Gamma knife	11	95	ND
Hoshi et al. [18]	2002	42	110	1.5	20–30	Gamma knife	12.5	93	ND
Gerosa et al. [40]	2002	74	102	ND	22	Gamma knife	14.6	86	ND
Brown et al. [15]	2002	16	ND	ND	12–25	Gamma knife	17.8	85	ND
Amendola et al. [20]	2000	22	ND	3.9	15–22	Gamma knife	8	98.5	ND
Payne et al. [41]	2000	21	37	4.4	10.5–40	Gamma knife	8	100	ND
Goyal et al. [42]	2000	29	66	1.135	7–24	LINAC and Gamma knife	6.7	91	ND
Schöggl et al. [8]	1998	23	44	ND	8–30	Gamma knife	11	96	ND
Mori et al. [28]	1998	35	52	2.4	13–20	Gamma knife	11	90	ND

ND: not defined, LINAC: linear accelerator.
Crude.
Mean.
Median.
Range.
mm tumor diameter.
For melanoma and RCC.
For melanoma, RCC, and sarcoma.
At 6 months.
At 1.5 years.
From the time of diagnosis of the first brain metastasis.