Phytochemical Lipid-based formulation Effect of formulation Admin. route Ref. Type Subcategory Curcumin LBDS NLCs Enhanced stability and brain targeting in vivo . Intraperitoneal [353 ] Baicalein LBDS Tocol-NLCs [354 ] β -ElemeneNLCs Less irritating and toxic and enhanced bioavailability and antitumor efficacy in vivo . [355 ] Bufadienolides Reduced toxicity and improved pharmacokinetic profile in vivo . Intravenous [356 ] Breviscapine Ionic-complex-based NLCs Sustained-release and protection against liver enzyme degradation in vivo . [357 ] Berberine DQA-PEG2000 -DSPE liposomes Overcome multidrug resistance in vivo . [358 ] Quercetin LBDS MEs Transdermal [158 ] Genistein Increased permeation and skin retention. [159 ] Chlorogenic acid Efficient systemic distribution in vivo . [160 ] Resveratrol Curcumin PEG liposomes Increased stability and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo [359 ] Bufadienolides Poloxamer-liposomes Reduced toxicity and enhanced antitumor efficacy in vivo . [360 ] Ligustrazine phosp. Ethosomes Enhanced skin permeation in vitro and bioactivity in vivo . [152 ] Apigenin Enhanced anti-inflammatory effects in vivo . [361 ] Curcumin NLCs Enhanced antitumor activity and brain targeting in vitro . Intranasal [362 ] Tetrandrine Charged SLNs Reduced irritation of eye mucous membrane in vivo. Ocular [363 ] 3-ECGC Inorganic carriers Gold NPs Enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity in vivo . Intratumoral injection [155 ] Curcumin PBDS Dextran sulfate-chitosan NPs Controlled release and targeted effect against tumor cells in vitro . Intravenous [364 ] Curcumin Chitosan/PBCA NPs In vivo anticancer effect on hepatic tumor cells.[365 ] Trans-resveratrol Chitosan-NPs Higher in vivo liver targeting effect and in vitro cytotoxicity on hepatic cancer cells. [366 –368 ] Oridonin Galactosylated chitosan NPs Enhanced targeting and binding to the specific site of action (liver). Artemisinin PBDS Polymeric micelles Targeted polymeric micelles Achieving site-specific cell targeting and enhancing intracellular drug accumulation. Intraperitoneal [369 ] Resveratrol Transferrin modified PEG-PLA conjugate Cellular uptake, in vivo biodistribution, and antitumor activity. Targeted therapy of glioma. [370 ] Bufalin Biotinylated chitosan NPs Enhanced targeting and binding to the specific site of action breast carcinoma. [371 ] Quercetin PBDS Lecithin-chitosan NPs In vitro and in vivo enhanced skin permeation.Topical [371 ]