Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer and Cancer Syndromes: Recent Basic and Clinical Discoveries

Table 2

Germline and somatic genetic and epigenetic characteristics of HNPCC-associated cancer syndrome.

	Lynch syndrome	Lynch-like syndrome	FCCX
Tumor MMR	MSI	MSI	MSS
Germline mutation	MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM	ERBB2, MCM9	RPS20, SEMA4A,
Somatic mutation	Second allele of MMR	Both alleles of a MMR	RASSF9, NTS, SETD6, NDUFA9, AXIN2, MYC, H2AFZ
Epigenetic phenotype	MSH2 promoter methylation	None	RASL10B

MSS: microsatellite stable; MSI: microsatellite instability; FCCX: familial colorectal cancer X; MMR: mismatch repair.