Clinical Implication and the Hereditary Factors of NM23 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and Genome–Wide Association Study

Table 1

Clinicopathological characteristics of HBV-related HCC cases after data quality control.

	NM23							OS			RFS
	—	1+	2+	3+	(95% CI)	P value^†	Total; number	MST; (months)	P value^‡	(95% CI)	MRT; (months)	P value^‡	(95% CI)
Gender						0.281			0.400			0.651
Male	40	241	39	45	1.01; (0.53–1.95)		365	48		0.93; (0.51–1.69)	7		1.09; (0.73–1.63)
Female	3	31	7	2	Ref.		43	82		Ref.	12		Ref.
Age (years)						0.017			0.485			0.718
≤46	20	144	35	24	1.45; (0.97–2.19)		223	61		0.87; (0.61–1.25)	7		1.05; (0.80–1.37)
>46	23	128	11	23	Ref.		185	45		Ref.	11		Ref.
Race						0.159			0.972			0.761
Han	32	174	25	26	0.62; (0.41–0.95)		257	48		0.92; (0.64–1.31)	7		0.96; (0.73–1.26)
Minority	11	98	21	21	Ref.		151	50		Ref.	11		Ref.
Preoperation TACE						0.359			0.640			0.592
No	30	215	36	40	1.46; (0.88–2.40)		321	51		0.91; (0.61–1.37)	10		0.92; (0.67–1.27)
Yes	13	57	10	7	Ref.		87	44		Ref.	6		Ref.
Postoperation TACE						0.530			0.717			0.416
No	26	156	25	22	0.76; (0.88–2.40)		229	47		0.94; (0.70–1.27)	7		0.90; (0.68–1.18)
Yes	17	116	21	25	Ref.		179	76		Ref.	13		Ref.
Smoking status						0.967			0.088			0.053
None	14	99	16	17	1.04; (0.51–1.14)		146	39		1.24; (0.76–2.03)	5		1.31; (0.98–1.74)
Ever	29	173	30	30	Ref.		262	61		Ref.	12		Ref.
Drinking status						0.471			0.359			0.443
None	16	107	19	24	1.32; (0.88–1.98)		166	44		0.82; (0.50–1.32)	6		1.11; (0.84–1.46)
Ever	27	165	27	23	Ref.		242	51		Ref.	11		Ref.
BMI						0.012			0.480			0.603
≤25	35	206	39	45	1.75; (1.05–2.93)		325	48		1.03; (0.67–1.59)	11		0.92; (0.66–1.29)
>25	8	66	7	2	Ref.		83	63		Ref.	6		Ref.
serum AFP (ng/ml)						0.099			0.101			0.353
≤400	23	143	19	19	0.61; (0.40–0.93)		204	61		1.00; (0.69–1.44)	13		0.88; (0.67–1.16)
>400	16	108	26	26	Ref.		176	41		Ref.	6		Ref.
NA	4	21	1	2			28
Child–Pugh						0.509			0.005			0.044
A	35	237	37	39	0.88; (0.50–1.54)		348	51		0.76; (0.48–1.20)	9		0.66; (0.43–1.01)
B	8	35	9	8	Ref.		60	31		Ref.	7		Ref.
BCLC stage						0.183			1.35 × 10^-10			0.001
A	30	153	26	22	0.66; (0.41–1.05)		231	101		1.49; (0.40–5.56)	14		0.57; (0.42–0.77)
B	4	46	10	6	0.92; (0.49–1.71)		66	39		1.92; (0.46–8.00)	6		0.66; (0.43–1.03)
C	9	73	10	19	Ref.		111	27		Ref.	3		Ref.
Number of tumors						0.247			1.95 × 10^-4			0.137
Single(n=1)	36	202	32	31	0.63; (0.40–1.00)		301	58		0.71; (0.39–1.29)	11		0.80; (0.59–1.09)
Multiple(n>1)	7	70	14	16	Ref.		107	28		Ref.	5		Ref.
Tumor size (cm)						0.659			0.038			0.175
≤10	37	222	36	36	0.72; (0.44–1.20)		331	51		0.66; (0.43–1.02)	12		0.81; (0.58–1.12)
>10	6	50	10	11	Ref.		77	40		Ref.	4		Ref.
Intrahepatic metastasis						0.325			4.12 × 10^-4			6.03 × 10^-5
Absence	24	147	26	19	0.79; (0.53–1.18)		216	76		1.01; (0.67–1.52)	13		0.59; (0.45–0.78)
Presence	19	125	20	28	Ref.		192	36		Ref.	4		Ref.
Distant metastasis						0.586^#			0.051			0.178
Absence	40	249	40	41	0.64; (0.33–1.24)		370	51		0.38; (0.11–1.34)	11		0.77; (0.51–1.15)
Presence	3	23	6	6	Ref.		38	32		Ref.	3		Ref.
Cirrhosis						0.246			0.567			0.923
Absence	6	34	3	2	0.54; (0.28–1.04)		45	48		0.99; (0.59–1.65)	13		0.98; (0.62–1.54)
Presence	37	237	43	45	Ref.		362	48		Ref.	7		Ref.
NA	0	1	0	0			1
Pathological grade						0.571			0.267			0.105
Well	4	17	2	1	0.54; (0.22–1.30)		24	39		1.07; (0.57–2.02)	4		1.80; (0.84–3.85)
Moderately and poorly	35	222	39	36	Ref.		332	47		Ref.	7		Ref.
NA	4	33	5	10			52
Regional invasion						0.005			0.407			0.215
Absence	38	240	34	34	0.41; (0.24–0.71)		346	51		0.81; (0.48–1.38)	11		0.81; (0.58–1.14)
Presence	5	32	12	13	Ref.		62	40		Ref.	3		Ref.
PVTT						0.162			1.01 × 10^-10			6.75 × 10^-5
None	37	225	42	32	0.35; (0.10–1.25)		336	74		0.10; (0.03–0.44)	12		0.28; (0.13–0.60)
VP1	1	9	0	1	0.24; (0.04–1.42)		11	28		0.27; (0.08–0.99)	2		0.37; (0.12–1.12)
VP2	0	11	1	5	0.93; (0.20–4.31)		17	18		0.53; (0.16–1.74)	2		0.64; (0.25–1.66)
VP3	4	23	2	6	0.39; (0.09–1.59)		35	18		0.36; (0.12–1.10)	3		0.49; (0.20–1.19)
VP4	1	4	1	3	Ref.		9	8		Ref.	2		Ref.
Radical resection						0.847			0.025			0.306
No	24	147	29	28	1.14; (0.76–1.72)		228	73		1.01; (0.67–1.52)	12		0.87; (0.67–1.15)
Yes	18	114	17	19	Ref.		168	40		Ref.	6		Ref.
NA	1	11	0	0			12
Antiviral therapies						0.033			0.005			0.800
No	36	174	26	28	0.59; (0.39–0.90)		264	41		1.88; (1.22–2.90)	6		1.03; (0.79–1.36)
Yes	7	98	20	19	Ref.		144	NA (>45)		Ref.	13		Ref.
NM23 expression						NA			0.378			0.802
Negative	43	-	-	-			43	47		1.12; (0.54–2.32)	14		0.88; (0.50–1.53)
1+	-	272	-	-			272	45		1.09; (0.62–1.92)	7		1.08; (0.72–1.61)
2+	-	-	46	-			46	73		0.68; (0.31–1.46)	7		0.99; (0.54–1.80)
3+	-	-	-	47			47	40		Ref.	11		Ref.

Note. OR for univariate ordinal logistic regression analysis; when the P–value of the OR in the test of parallel lines was less than 0.05, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used but is not shown in the table. ^†P–value for Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. ^‡HR and P–values are for univariate survival analysis. PVTT was classified using the radiographic results of enhanced computed tomography scanning as follows: vp1=PVTT in distal to second-order portal branches; vp2=PVTT in second–order portal branches; vp3=PVTT in first–order branches; and vp4=PVTT in the main trunk [15].
Abbreviations. GWAS: genome–wide association study; OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals; MST: median survival time; MRT: median recurrence time; HR, hazard ratio; Ref.: reference; NA: not applicable; TACE: transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; BMI: body mass index; AFP: alpha–fetoprotein; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; PVTT: portal vein tumor thrombus.