Transforming of the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for TGF- Inhibition in the Context of Immune-Checkpoint Therapy

Table 1

Selection of TGF-β pathway inhibitors for cancer therapy in clinical studies. Reports of all clinical trial summary results are published at CliniclaTrial.gov.

Inhibitor	Clinical trial	Reference
Trabedersen (AP12009)	phase I/II clinical trial; advanced pancreatic or colorectal cancer and malignant melanoma	[41]
Trabedersen	phase I/II study; high-grade glioma	[42]
Fresolimumab (GC1008) in combination with radiation therapy	phase I trial; metastatic breast cancer patients	NCT01401062
Fresolimumab	phase I trial; malignant melanoma or renal cell carcinoma	[43]
		NCT00356460
Galunisertib (LY2157299) in combination with gemcitabine	phase 1b/2 study; patients with solid malignancy	[44]
		NCT01373164
Galunisertib in combination with nivolumab	phase I/II study; advanced refractory solid tumors and in recurrent or refractory non-small cell lung cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma	NCT02423343
PF-03446962	phase I/II study; advanced hepatocellular carcinoma	[45]
		NCT00557856
Tasisulam	open-label phase III trial; melanoma	[46]
		NCT01006252
Galunisertib in combination with durvalumab	phase I study; pancreatic cancer patients	NCT02734160