Research Article
The Choice of Local Treatment Modalities for Patients with Brain Metastases from Digestive Cancers
Table 2
Patient demographics and clinical characteristics.
| | Characteristics | No local treatment, N = 99 | Treatment modalities | Total N = 270 | value | | Local treatment N = 171 | | Single therapy, N = 134 | Combination therapy, N = 37 | | SRS N = 44 | Surgery N = 50 | WBRT N = 40 | SRS + surgery N = 15 | SRS + WBRT N = 12 | Surgery + WBRT N = 10 |
| | Gender | | Male | 68 (68.7%) | 36 (81.8%) | 35 (70.0%) | 30 (75.0%) | 12 (80.0%) | 12 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 203 (75.2%) | 0.06 | | Female | 31 (31.3%) | 8 (18.2%) | 15 (30.0%) | 10 (25.0%) | 3 (20.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 67 (24.8%) | |
| | ECOG performance score | | 0/1 | 53 (53.5%) | 36 (81.8%) | 36 (72.0%) | 29 (72.5%) | 14 (93.3%) | 10 (83.3%) | 9 (90.0%) | 187 (69.3%) | <0.01 | | 2–4 | 46 (46.5%) | 8 (18.2%) | 14 (28.0%) | 11 (27.5%) | 1 (6.7%) | 2 (16.7%) | 1 (10.0%) | 83 (30.7%) | |
| | Age, years | | Median | 58 | 57.5 | 57.5 | 54.5 | 52 | 66 | 60 | 58 | 0.33 | | Range | (21–85) | (30–79) | (35–76) | (30–81) | (23–72) | (24–74) | (30–67) | (21–85) | |
| | Primary disease site | | Esophagus | 10 (22.2%) | 4 (8.9%) | 9 (20.0%) | 10 (22.2%) | 3 (6.7%) | 2 (4.4%) | 7 (15.6%) | 45 (100.0%) | <0.01 | | Gastric | 26 (59.1%) | 5 (11.4%) | 6 (13.6%) | 3 (6.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (6.8%) | 1 (2.3%) | 44 (100.0%) | | | Liver | 17 (30.4%) | 12 (21.4%) | 12 (21.4%) | 6 (10.7%) | 7 (12.5%) | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (1.8%) | 56 (100.0%) | | | Colorectum | 46 (36.8%) | 23 (18.4%) | 23 (18.4%) | 21 (16.8%) | 5 (4.0%) | 6 (4.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | 125 (100.0%) | |
| | Primary histology | | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 17 (17.2%) | 12 (27.3%) | 10 (20.0%) | 5 (12.5%) | 3 (20.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (10.0%) | 49 (18.1%) | <0.01 | | Squamous cell carcinoma | 10 (10.1%) | 2 (4.5%) | 5 (10.0%) | 8 (20.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 2 (16.7%) | 5 (50.0%) | 33 (12.2%) | | | Adenocarcinoma | 70 (70.7%) | 28 (63.6%) | 32 (64.0%) | 24 (60.0%) | 6 (40.0%) | 8 (66.7%) | 4 (40.0%) | 172 (63.7%) | | | Others | 2 (2.0%) | 2 (4.5%) | 3 (6.0%) | 3 (7.5%) | 5 (33.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 16 (5.9%) | |
| | Presence of extracranial metastasis | | No | 24 (24.2%) | 9 (20.5%) | 16 (32.0%) | 9 (22.5%) | 8 (53.3%) | 5 (41.7%) | 5 (50.0%) | 76 (28.1%) | 0.08 | | Yes | 75 (75.8%) | 35 (79.5%) | 34 (68.0%) | 31 (77.5%) | 7 (46.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | 5 (50.0%) | 194 (71.9%) | |
| | Radical surgery for primary tumor | | No | 48 (48.5%) | 10 (22.7%) | 22 (44.0%) | 7 (17.5%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (30.0%) | 92 (34.1%) | <0.01 | | Yes | 51 (51.5%) | 34 (77.3%) | 28 (56.0%) | 33 (82.5%) | 13 (86.7%) | 12 (100.0%) | 7 (70.0%) | 178 (65.9%) | |
| | Synchronous or subsequent brain metastasis | | Synchronous | 33 (33.3%) | 9 (20.5%) | 14 (28.0%) | 7 (17.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 64 (23.7%) | <0.01 | | Subsequent | 66 (66.7%) | 35 (79.5%) | 36 (72.0%) | 33 (82.5%) | 15 (100.0%) | 12 (100.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | 206 (76.3%) | |
| | Number of brain metastasis | | 1 | 42 (42.4%) | 21 (47.7%) | 45 (90.0%) | 11 (27.5%) | 8 (53.3%) | 5 (41.7%) | 8 (80.0%) | 140 (51.9%) | <0.01 | | 2-3 | 19 (19.2%) | 15 (34.1%) | 2 (4.0%) | 12 (30.0%) | 5 (33.3%) | 4 (33.3%) | 2 (20.0%) | 59 (21.9%) | | | ≥4 | 38 (38.4%) | 8 (18.2%) | 3 (6.0%) | 17 (42.5%) | 2 (13.3%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 71 (26.3%) | |
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SRS, stereotactic radiosurgery; WBRT, whole brain radiotherapy; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
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