The Choice of Local Treatment Modalities for Patients with Brain Metastases from Digestive Cancers

Table 5

Univariate and multivariate analyses for brain metastasis.

	Univariable		Multivariable
	HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value
Age, years (≥65 vs <65)	1.04 (0.74–1.46)	0.81	—
Gender (male vs female)	1.40 (0.98–2.01)	0.08	—
ECOG performance score (2–4 vs 0/1)	2.68 (1.92–3.76)	<0.01	2.31 (1.61–3.33)	<0.01
Primary disease site
Esophagus vs liver	0.62 (0.34–1.12)	0.11	0.61 (0.33–1.11)	0.11
Gastric vs liver	1.27 (0.74–2.16)	0.39	0.90 (0.52–1.56)	0.70
Colorectum vs liver	1.20 (0.76–1.88)	0.43	0.68 (0.42–1.10)	0.11
Primary histology
Hepatocellular carcinoma vs others	3.57 (1.07–11.87)	0.04
Squamous cell carcinoma vs others	2.18 (0.63–7.47)	0.22
Adenocarcinoma vs others	3.45 (1.10–10.85)	0.03
Radical surgery for primary tumor (yes vs no)	0.66 (0.48–0.92)	0.01	1.15 (0.73–1.82)	0.55
Presence of extracranial metastasis (yes vs no)	1.77 (1.20–2.62)	<0.01	1.56 (1.03–2.36)	0.04
Synchronous or subsequent brain metastasis	0.71 (0.50–1.00)	0.05	0.79 (0.50–1.25)	0.32
Number of brain metastasis
1 vs ≥4	0.42 (0.30–0.60)	<0.01	0.54 (0.37–0.79)	<0.01
2∼3 vs ≥4	0.57 (0.37–0.88)	0.01	0.70 (0.45–1.11)	0.13
Local treatment for brain metastasis (yes vs no)	0.21 (0.15–0.29)	<0.01	0.26 (0.18–0.38)	<0.01

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.