|
| Nanovector | Size (AVG) | Charge | Targeting strategy | Payload | Administration route | Model | Results | References |
|
| Anti-CEA MoAB-PAMAM-NIR664-doped silica NPs | 70 nm | — | EPR
Anti-CEA MoAB | NIR664 | IV | In vitro: LS174 T, LoVo and HCT116 cell cultures
In vivo: LS174 T subcutaneously injected in nude mice. | In vitro: Increased uptake compared with untargeted formulation.
In vivo: Increased tumor-associated fluorescence compared to untargeted formulation. | [43] |
|
| FMSNs-UEA1 | 75 nm | –13 mV | EPR
Α-L-fucose targeting | FITC | Topical | In vitro: HCT116 (α-L-fucose +) and Caco-2 (α-L-fucose +) cell lines
Ex vivo: colonic mucus from A/J mice and colon tissue from DSS/AOM-induced CRC bearing A/J mice
In vivo: DSS/AOM-induced CRC in A/J mice | In vitro: targeting of α-L-fucose + cell lines
Ex vivo: good stability in mucus and binding to α-L-fucose + tissue.
In vivo: marked NPs binding to CRC regions demonstrated by endomicroscopy | [44] |
|
| P(PE-PLLA) | 103 nm | –30 mV | CEA active targeting | Fluorescent dye:
ICG | IV (biodistribution)
Intraluminal administration | In vitro: SW480 and HT29 cell lines and CAM-engrafted cells
In vivo: BALB/c male mice (biodistribution, and LS174 t cells intracolinically implanted in nude BALB/c male mice | In vitro: CEA expression and anti-CEA AB (targeting moiety) dependent tumor binding
In vivo: wide biodistribution after IV administration, good CRC detection after topical administration | [45] |
|
| HPMA-EPPT1-IR783 | — | — | uMUC-1 active targeting | NIRF dye:
IR-783 | Intraluminal administration | In vitro: uMUC-1(++) HT29, uMUC-1 (+) LS174 t and uMUC-1 (–) SW480 cell lines
Ex vivo: CRC and healthy tissue patient matched samples
In vivo: LS174 t or HT29 administered in the colon wall of athymic female nude mice. | In vitro: uMUC-1 dependent conjugate tumor-binding of targeted formulation
Ex vivo: selective binding to CRC tissues of targeted formulation.
In vivo: good tumor binding and detection. | [46] |
| EGFR/VEGF-F-SERSA/B | 350 nm | — | EGFR/VEGF active targeting | Fluorescent dye: AF610 SERS dyes: RITC and FITC (EGFR and VEGF, respectively) | Topical | In vitro: HT-29 CRC cell line retroviral-transfected with luciferase DNA
In vivo: transfected HT-29 cells injected in BALB/c nude mice in the colon wall. | In vitro: efficient cell labelling proportional to cell density and administered dose.
In vivo: multimodal detection of small tumours in real time with high sensitivity and EGFR/VEGF profiling. | [48] |
|
| CNPs | — | — | LN tropism and retention | — | Endoscopic submucosal administration | 152 rectal cancer patients | Enhanced LNs detection, quicker surgical removal of more LNs, leading to better nodal staging | [50] |
|
| FA-3WJ-pRNA NPs | — | — | EPR
FRα active targeting | Alexa fluor-647 | IV | In vitro: KN20 and HT 29 cell lines
In vivo: nude mice model of CRC liver and lung metastasis | In vitro: FA-dependent cell binding and uptake
In vivo: CRC metastasis targeting and avoidance of healthy parenchyma. | [51] |
|
| CNPs | 150 nm | — | LN tropism and retention | — | Endoscopic submucosal administration | 74 CRC T1 and T2 patients | Enhanced tracking if sentinel lymph node with near 100% accuracy in metastasis labelling. | [80] |
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