DNA Repair Deficiency in Breast Cancer: Opportunities for Immunotherapy

Table 1

DNA repair pathways mutated in breast cancer and potential therapeutic interventions.

DNA Repair Pathway	Defective mutation in Breast Cancer	Therapeutic Intervention
Homologous recombination	BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2, BARD1, RAD51D, NBS1, PALB2, FANCD2, CtIP, PALB2 [17, 51–54]	Platinum based chemotherapies [55], PARP inhibitors (immune checkpoint blockade)
Non-homologous end-joining	DNA-PK, KU70/80 [56]	DNAPK inhibitors, ionizing radiation
Mismatch repair	MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 [57, 58]	Immune checkpoint blockade
Base excision repair, Nucleotide excision repair,; Translesional synthesis	APE1, XRCC1, ERCC2 [59, 60]	APE1 inhibitors [61]