Advances in Tumor-Stroma Interactions: Emerging Role of Cytokine Network in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer

Figure 1

Schematic illustration of the cytokines role in tumorigenesis. Cytokines are released by both tumor and stromal cells, including immune cells like macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The binding of cytokines to their receptors on surface of targeted cells causes the activation of intracellular signaling cascades with protumoral and/or antitumoral properties.