mTOR-Mediated Antioxidant Activation in Solid Tumor Radioresistance

Figure 1

The functions of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). Intrinsic or extrinsic stimulators, such as energy levels, amino acids, oxygen levels, and various growth factors, induce mTORC1 activation. Once mTORC1 signaling is activated, lipid synthesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and protein synthesis are promoted in the cells. mTORC1 also organizes microtubules and suppresses autophagy.