Current Landscape of Epigenetics in Lung Cancer: Focus on the Mechanism and Application

Figure 2

Current landscapes of epigenetics mechanism and application in lung cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms are heritable and reversible, mainly including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin organization, and noncoding RNAs. Many of the epigenetic events in lung cancer affect cancer hallmarks, such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Simultaneously, epigenetic events provide insight into the discovery of putative cancer biomarkers for early detection, disease monitoring, prognosis, risk assessment, and oncotherapy.