Current Landscape of Epigenetics in Lung Cancer: Focus on the Mechanism and Application

Table 1

Abnormally methylated genes in lung cancer.

Gene	Mechanism	Epigenetic modification	References
RASSF1A	DNA repair; cell cycle	Hypermethylation	[40,41]
MGMT	DNA repair	Hypermethylation	[45]
CDKN2A/p16	Cell cycle	Hypermethylation	[51,52]
DAPK	Apoptosis; autophagy	Hypermethylation	[34–36,59,60]
P14	Proliferation; apoptosis	Hypermethylation	[20]
OTUD4	Cell cycle; apoptosis; DNA repair	Hypermethylation	[81,96,97]
CDH1/E-cadherin	EMT	Hypermethylation	[98,99]
RARβ	Metastasis	Hypermethylation	[27,100–102]
RUNX3	TGF-β/Wnt signaling pathway	Hypermethylation	[103–106]
APC	Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway	Hypermethylation	[107–109]