Casein and Peptides Derived from Casein as Antileukaemic Agents

Figure 1

Mechanism of antineoplastic activity induced by casein or BCM7. (a) OPRs or TLR4 ultimately activates the nuclear factor κ-beta (NFκB) and the main proinflammatory promoter that prevails in the tumour microenvironment and increases in proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ but reduces anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-10, SOD, CAT, and GPx. (b) BCM7 activates the MOR or αs1-casein, activates TLR4, and reduces the activation of NFκB, reduces the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, and increases IL-10, SOD, CAD, and GPx, contributing to a weakened leukaemogenic environment.

(a)

(b)