Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EndoMT): Roles in Tumorigenesis, Metastatic Extravasation and Therapy Resistance

Figure 3

Wnt induction of EndoMT. Wnt bound the extracellular part of the Frizzled receptor, while LRP5/6 serves as co-receptors. This causes the complex Axin-GSK-3β to bind to the cytoplasmic tail of LRP5/6. Therefore, this complex is no longer able to assure the degradation of β-catenin, which accumulates in the cytoplasm and translocates into the nucleus to stimulate the activity of transcription factors of the TCF/LEF families. The Wnt pathway crosstalk with several other pathways: Akt 2 can phosphorylate and thus inhibit GSK-3β. Moreover, RSK phosphorylation ERK 1/2-dependent RSK phosphorylation leads to inhibition of GSK-3β.