Clinical Features and Long-Term Survival of Metastatic Hepatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Secondary to Gastroenteropancreatic Site: An Analysis by Applying the Grading Classification
Table 2
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors with the OS of (MH)-NENs secondary to (GEP)-NENs using Cox Regression proportional hazard models.
Variable
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
HR (95% CIs)
value
HR (95% CIs)
value
Sex
MaleA
Female
1.253 (0.877–3.013)
0.647
Age at diagnosis
<Median
≥Median
0.992 (0.436–1.354)
0.518
Synchronous liver lesion
No
Yes
1.874(0.752–3.984)
0.008
2.012 (1.092–3.475)
0.014
Primary tumor site
Gastrointestinal tract
Pancreas
1.553 (0.689–3.457)
0.015
1.882 (1.003–3.825)
0.031
Tumor type
Functional
Nonfunctional
1.342 (0.539–2.492)
0.047
1.115 (0.445–2.834)
0.106
Incidental diagnosis
Yes
No
1.645 (0.636–3.078)
0.015
1.368 (0.557–2.843)
0.085
Multifocal lesions
No
Yes
1.412 (0.514–2.009)
0.036
1.212 (0.413–1.852)
0.098
Estimated liver involvement (N = 108)
≤50%
>50%
1.541 (0.654–2.463)
0.043
1.124 (0.643–2.547)
0.674
Tumor largest diameter
<Median
≥Median
1.011 (0.457–1.504)
0.083
Surgical procedure
Resection
Ablation
1.443 (0.623–2.354)
0.043
0.942 (0.325–2.012)
0.114
Surgical margin
R0
R1/R2
2.135 (0.994–4.413)
<0.001
1.764 (0.743–4.111)
0.007
Preoperative systemic therapy
Yes
No
1.231 (0.514–1.993)
0.102
Postoperative systemic therapy
Yes
No
1.402 (0.537–2.114)
0.035
1.132 (0.446–1.764)
0.236
Regional lymph node metastases
No
Yes
1.834 (0.863–2.942)
0.042
1.435 (0.567–2.715)
0.157
Portal vein tumor thrombus
No
Yes
2.034 (1.112–3.142)
0.039
1.573 (0.894–2.064)
0.159
Vascular invasion
No
Yes
1.952 (0.885–3.432)
0.017
1.562 (0.645–2.084)
0.103
Extrahepatic metastatic disease
No
Yes
2.143 (1.249–3.985)
0.002
3.053 (1.473–5.082)
0.027
Tumor grade by the grading classification
NET G1/G2/G3
ss
NEC G3
2.653 (1.419–4.255)
<0.001
4.234 (1.984–6.763)
0.003
AThe above one of the related variable was regarded as a reference in Cox analysis. OS: overall survival; (MH)-NENs: metastatic hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms; (GEP)-NENs: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms; HR: hazard ratio; CIs: confidence intervals; NET: neuroendocrine tumors; NEC: neuroendocrine carcinoma; G: grading.
