Gaps and Doubts in Search to Recognize Glioblastoma Cellular Origin and Tumor Initiating Cells

Table 1

Different cell types as origin in GB formation: comparison of selected features.

Different cell types as origin in GB formation
	Specific markers	Proliferation in vitro	Differentiation in vitro	Glioma development in genetically modified animals	Other indicators pro and against origin of GB	References
GFAP + NSC/NP	Similar to GB cells: GFAP+; SOX2+; NESTIN+	Limited, similar to GB cells in vitro	Multipotent differentiation similar to GB cells, GFAP sustained in glial cells	Yes	Pro: single-cell transcriptome analysis	[3, 13–18]
Radial glial cell	Similar to GB cells: GFAP+; SOX2+; NESTIN+	Limited, similar to GB cells in vitro	Multipotent differentiation similar to GB cells, GFAP sustained in glial cells	Yes	Pro: single-cell NGS; Against: it is not definite if these cells exist in adults brain	[3–7, 19–27]
Classical NSC	Different from GB cells: SOX2+; NESTIN+	Not limited	Multipotent; GFAP gain in glial cells	Yes	Against: in secondary GB IDH1R132H triggers apoptosis	[8, 11, 18, 28–36]
Astrocyte	Different from GB cells: GFAP+	Limited	Mature	Yes	Pro: ErbB expression changed astrocytes into radial glia like cells	[37–39]