Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs: Insights into Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Lung Cancer

Table 1

Overview of lncRNAs implicated in lung cancer with clinical utility.

lncRNA	Function	Expression profile	Clinical applicant	Cancer subtype	Clinical trial stage	Source of exosome	Year	Reference
MALAT1	Promotion of cell proliferation and migration	Upregulated	Diagnosis	NSCLC	Preclinical	NSCLC patients (#77)	2017	[100]
RP11-838N2.4	Resistance to erlotinib	Upregulated	Diagnosis/target for therapy	NSCLC	Preclinical	NSCLC patients (#78)	2018	[99]
lnc‐MMP2‐2	Increase expression of MMP2	Upregulated	Therapeutic target and predictive marker	Metastatic lung cancer	Preclinical	A549 and HMVEC‐L	2018	[101]
H19	Resistance to gefitinib	Upregulated	Therapeutic target for EGFR^+	EGFR^+ NSCLC	Preclinical	HCC827 and HCC827 resistance to gefitinib	2018	[98]
SOX2-OT	Possibly angiogenesis and metastasis	Upregulated	Biomarker diagnostic for LSCC	LSCC	Preclinical	LSCC patient (#75)	2019	[102]
GAS5	Cancer progression	Downregulated	Early stage diagnosis of NSCLC	NSCLC	Preclinical	NSCLC patient (#64)	2019	[97]
GAS5	Angiogenesis	Downregulated	Biomarker	Induced adenocarcinoma	Preclinical	Mice and cell line (A549, H1299, 95D, and 16HBE)	2019	[103]
SLC9A3-AS1	Unknown	Upregulated	Early diagnosis	LSCC	Preclinical	Patients	2019	[96]
PCAT6	Tumorigenesis	Upregulated	Early diagnosis	LSCC	Preclinical	Patients	2019	[96]
HAGLR	Unknown	Downregulated	Prognosis (poor)	NSCLC	Preclinical	NSCLC patients (#40)	2019	[104]