Review Article

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines in the Postvaccination Era: Review of the Literature

Table 2

Programmes of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination in European countries.

CountriesCervical screening program (starting year)Screening ageScreening intervalPrimary test usedHPV vaccine (national vaccination program) (year of initiation)

AustriaOpportunistic18+ or 2 years after sexual onset1CC2014

BelgiumOrganized population-based, in some regions, rollout ongoing, 201325–643CC & LBC2010

BulgariaOpportunisticNANANA-

CroatiaOrganized population-based, rollout ongoing, 201225–643CC2016

CyprusOpportunisticNANAN/A2016

Czech republicOrganized population-based, rollout ongoing, 200815+1CC2012

DenmarkOrganized population-based, 200623–643 (ages: 23–59); 5 (ages: 60–64)LBC (ages: 23–59); HPV primary test (ages:60–64)2009

EstoniaOrganized population-based, 200630–595CC2018

FinlandOrganized population-based (depending on the region), 196325–655CC, HPV primary testing in some regions2013

FranceTransitioning to organized population-based planned, 199125–643 (CC), 5 (HPV test)CC & LBC (ages: 25–64); HPV primary testing in regional pilot projects (ages: 30–64)2007

GermanyTransitioning to organized population-based planned, 197120+1CC, HPV primary testing in implementation2007

GreeceOpportunisticSexual onset1CC2008

HungaryOrganized population-based, rollout ongoing, 200325–653CC2014

IrelandOrganized population-based, rollout ongoing, 200825–603 (ages: 25–44); 5 (ages: 45–60)LBC2010

ItalyOrganized population-based, rollout ongoing, depending on the region, 198925–643 (ages: 25–30/35); 5 (ages: 30/35–64)CC & LBC (ages: 25–30/35); HPV primary testing in some regions (ages: 30/34–64)2008

LatviaOrganized population-based, 200925–693CC2010

LithuaniaOrganized population-based, rollout ongoing, 200425–593CC2016

LuxembourgOpportunistic15+1LBC2008

MaltaOrganized population-based, piloting, 201525–353CC2012

NetherlandsOrganized population-based, 197030–645HPV primary testing2010

NorwayOrganized population-based, 200625–693CC & LBC, regional pilot for HPV primary testing,2009

PolandOrganized population-based, 200625–593CC (ages: 25–59); regional pilot for cotesting (ages: 30–59)

PortugalOrganized population-based, in some regions, rollout ongoing, depending on the region, 199025–593Cotesting in some regions2008
RomaniaOrganized population-based, in some regions, rollout ongoing, 201225–645Cotesting in some regions

SlovakiaTransitioning to organized population-based, 200823–64Yearly x 2; then 3 yearlyCC

SloveniaOrganized population-based, (2003)20–64Yearly x 2; then 3 yearlyCC2009

SpainOpportunistic (depending on the region)25–653CC2007

SwedenOrganized population-based, 196723–603 (ages: 23–50); 5 (ages: 51–60)HPV test replacing CC & LBC2012

SwitzerlandOpportunistic21/702 (ages: sexual onset/21–29); 3 (ages: 30–70)CC & LBC2008

The United KingdomOrganized population-based, 198825–643 (ages: 25–49); 5 (ages: 50–64)HPV primary testing in implementation2008

CC = conventional cytology; LBC = liquid-based cytology; N/A: not available.