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Treatment/Drug | Adjuvant actions | References |
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Phosphatidylinositol analogs, oligopeptides Akt-PH linkers, inhibitors of Akt-kinase, and blockers of ATP-binding site catalytic subunit | Mediated chemosensitization and enhanced cytotoxicity | [50] |
All-trans retinoic acid | Reduction of Ki67-positive cells and clonogenicity, activation of histone acetyltransferase, and inhibition of histone deacetylase enzymes | [51] |
5-Fluorouracil | Down-regulation of CDK-2 expression and cyclin E/CDK2 complex activity, arrest in G0/G1 phase, and enhancement of antiproliferative properties | [52] |
Everolimus | Proliferative reduction, increase of p53 and p21Cip1 levels, phosphorylation reduction at serine 2448 in mTOR proteins | [48] |
Rapamycin | Blockade of autophagy and LC3-II degradation, cytotoxic chemosensitization and involvement of a caspase-independent mechanism | [53] |
Cisplatin | Increase of caspase-3 activation, LC3 II ubiquitinated intracellular misfolded proteins, and intrinsic apoptosis | [54, 55] |
Docetaxel | Enhanced cytotoxicity and stronger in vivo anti-tumor efficacy | [56] |
Doxorubicin | Potentiated cytotoxicity upon coexposure | [57] |
Oxilaplatin | Increased sensitivity under hypoxic conditions and p62 levels, delaying of tumor growth of HT-29 colon cancer xenografts | [58] |
Sunitinib | Increase of the p62 level, reduction of blood vessel formation, CD-34 expression, microvessel density, and nitric oxide levels in tumor, and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor growth reduction | [59] |
Temozolomide | Cell viability reduction and intensification of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP1, phosphatidylserine externalization, and caspase-3/7 activation | [54, 60] |
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) | Upregulation of RIP3, accumulation of RIP3-p62 complexes and type II-LC3B, and efficiency on colon tumor-bearing mice | [61] |
Bevacizumab | Weakening of the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and recovering the tumor-suppressive effect of bevacizumab | [62] |
Sertraline + erlotinib | Amplification of caspase-independent autophagic cell death and mouse survival in orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer mouse models | [63] |
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