Therapeutic Effects of Polyphenols on the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer by Regulating Wnt β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Table 2

Anticancer effects of curcumin on CRC cells via modulating Wnt β-catenin signaling.

Curcumin
Effect	Action mechanism	Mediators	Combination therapy	Sample type	References
Antiproliferative	Suppressing AOM-DSS-induced cell proliferation	Reducing IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, β-catenin, and Axin-2	—	Tissue (mouse model)	[64, 67]
	Inhibiting cell viability and cell proliferation	Inactivation of Wnt β-catenin along with decreasing expression levels of β-catenin, TCF4, miR-21, and miR-130a and upregulation of Nkd2	—	SW480 and HCT116	[68]
	Reducing cell proliferation	Inactivation of Wnt β-catenin-mediated downregulation of miR-491 and upregulation of PEG10	—	HCT116	[71]
	Inhibiting cell proliferation	Reducing FL and SEAP activity induced by Wnt3a-CM and downregulation of p-300	DMC, BDMC, and THC	HCT116, SW480, HCT15, and DLD1	[74]
	Decreasing cell proliferation, suppressing G0/G1 cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis	Inhibiting Wnt β-catenin; downregulation of β-catenin, TCF4, and Axin; and upregulation of TET1 and NKD2	5-FU	HCT116	[80]
	Suppressing colonic cell proliferation	Inactivation of Wnt β-catenin and reducing expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α	SAL	Tissue	[83]
	Inhibiting cell proliferation	Suppression of β-catenin induced by Wnt3a-CM and LiCl-induced phosphorylation of GSK3β, stimulating transcriptional activity, and reducing β-catenin expression	FA-Cur and NFA-Cur	SW480	[86]
Apoptotic	Inducing apoptosis and reducing cell viability	Reducing expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt3a, c-Myc, survivin, and cyclin D1 as well as overexpression of CDX-2	—	SW620	[87]
	Suppressing G2/M cell cycle	Enhancing expression levels of caspase-3-induced degradation of β-catenin and downregulation of c-Myc	—	HCT116	[88]
	Inducing apoptosis of sphere-forming CRC-SCs, reducing drug resistance, and decreasing sphere formation	Reducing expression levels of CD44, CD133, CD24, and EpCAM	Irinotecan (CPT-11)	LoVo and CRC-SCs	[91]
Antimetastatic	Suppressing metastasis and invasion	Inhibiting Wnt β-catenin signaling; reducing expression levels of β-catenin, TCF4, Axin, and CXCR4; and increasing NKD2 expression	CXCR4 and NKD2	SW620	[92]
	Inhibiting metastasis and invasion	Inactivation of Wnt β-catenin signaling and downregulation of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-Myc	si-MALAT1	SW480	[93]
	Suppressing stimulation of EMT-induced metastasis and invasion	Inhibiting DNMT1, increasing expression levels of CDX-2, and decreasing β-catenin and Wnt3a expression	—	SW480	[97]