The Potential Therapeutic Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Osteoradionecrosis

Figure 1

Characteristics of exosomes. (a) Exosomes derived from almost all types of cells. (b) Exosomes originating from an endocytic compartment and secreted from intracellular endosomes into extracellular space. (c) Exosomes are vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer membrane. The exosomes contain some biomarkers, such as CD9, CD63, CD81, and integrins, MHC, cholesterol, and other proteins on the surface. The exosomes also contain miRNAs, mRNAs, cytokines, and some proteins in the lumen. MHC, major histocompatibility complex.