The Potential Therapeutic Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Osteoradionecrosis

Table 1

MSC exosomes promote angiogenesis through various signaling pathways.

Exosomes	Pathway/key molecule	Function	Experiment type	Reference
MSC exosomes derived from overexpressing HIF-1α	Jagged 1/Notch	Enhanced angiogenesis and capillary-like tube formation	In vitro	[111]
Exosomes derived from DMOG-stimulated human bone marrow MSCs	Akt/mTOR	Promoted angiogenesis in the critical-sized calvarial defect rat model	In vivo	[112]
iPS-MSC-Exos	PI3K/Akt	Enhanced the proliferation, migration, and tube-forming capacities of endothelial cells	In vitro	[113]
Exosomes from hiPSC-MSC	—	Enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis under osteoporotic conditions	In vivo	[114]
CD63^+ exosomes derived from bone marrow MSCs	Wnt3 protein	Enhanced endothelial angiogenesis	In vitro	[115]
Exosomes released from hP-MSCs by NO stimulation	VEGF and miR-126	Enhanced the angiogenic effects of HUVECs	In vitro	[116]