Enhanced Segmentation of Inflamed ROI to Improve the Accuracy of Identifying Benign and Malignant Cases in Breast Thermogram

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Metrics</td><td class="align_center">Formulas with range</td><td class="align_center">Value of accurate segmentation</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">SA [<a href="/journals/jo/2021/5566853/#B6" target="_blank">6</a>]</td><td class="align_center"><span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.439pt" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 69.397 11.439" width="69.397pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.851,0)"><path d="M535 0V354C535 476 422 563 294 563S53 476 53 354V0H111V354C111 446 197 513 294 513S477 446 477 354V0H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,23.387,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.868,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.23,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,50.08,0)"><path d="M535 194V548H477V194C477 102 391 35 294 35S111 102 111 194V548H53V194C53 72 166 -15 294 -15S535 72 535 194Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.617,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> (0–100)</td><td class="align_center">100</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">DS [<a href="/journals/jo/2021/5566853/#B48" target="_blank">48</a>]</td><td class="align_center"><span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.439pt" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 107.128 11.439" width="107.128pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.834,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,24.685,0)"><path d="M535 0V354C535 476 422 563 294 563S53 476 53 354V0H111V354C111 446 197 513 294 513S477 446 477 354V0H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.222,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,43.703,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,47.122,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,52.483,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,58.077,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,70.198,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,76.522,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H323V490H265V280H52V230H265V-3H323V230H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,87.058,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,92.653,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,103.309,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> (0-1)</td><td class="align_center">1</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">JI [<a href="/journals/jo/2021/5566853/#B48" target="_blank">48</a>]</td><td class="align_center"><span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.439pt" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 91.8253 11.439" width="91.8253pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,5.594,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.62,0)"><path d="M535 0V354C535 476 422 563 294 563S53 476 53 354V0H111V354C111 446 197 513 294 513S477 446 477 354V0H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.157,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,39.638,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,43.057,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,48.418,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,54.012,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,69.038,0)"><path d="M535 194V548H477V194C477 102 391 35 294 35S111 102 111 194V548H53V194C53 72 166 -15 294 -15S535 72 535 194Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,79.575,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,88.056,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> (0-1)</td><td class="align_center">1</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">USR [<a href="/journals/jo/2021/5566853/#B49" target="_blank">49</a>]</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 93.6546 11.5564" width="93.6546pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,3.419,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,14.806,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.342,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.84,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.691,0)"><path d="M535 0V354C535 476 422 563 294 563S53 476 53 354V0H111V354C111 446 197 513 294 513S477 446 477 354V0H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,53.227,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,61.708,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,66.206,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,69.625,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,74.987,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,78.406,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,86.887,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,90.306,0)"><path d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z"></path></g></svg> (0-1)</td><td class="align_center">0</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">OSR [<a href="/journals/jo/2021/5566853/#B49" target="_blank">49</a>]</td><td class="align_center"><span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 93.6286 11.5564" width="93.6286pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,3.419,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.27,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.806,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.304,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.155,0)"><path d="M535 0V354C535 476 422 563 294 563S53 476 53 354V0H111V354C111 446 197 513 294 513S477 446 477 354V0H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,54.692,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,63.173,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,67.671,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,71.09,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,76.451,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,79.87,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,89.815,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> (0-1)</td><td class="align_center">0</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Metrics used for performance evaluation of inflamed ROI segmentation.</div>

Journal of Oncology

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: Enhanced Segmentation of Inflamed ROI to Improve the Accuracy of Identifying Benign and Malignant Cases in Breast Thermogram 