Development and Validation of a Nomogram Based on Noninvasive Liver Reserve and Fibrosis (PALBI and FIB-4) Model to Predict Posthepatectomy Liver Failure Grade B-C in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Table 1
Base characteristics of patients in the training set (n = 383) and validation set (n = 191).
Variable
Total
Training set (n = 383)
Validation set (n = 191)
value
Sex (male vs. female)
507/67 (88.3%/11.6%)
338/45 (88.2%/11.7%)
169/22 (88.4%/11.5%)
0.384
Age (years)
53.57 ± 11.70
53.92 ± 11.51
53.01 ± 12.01
0.375
Platelet count (×109/L)
185.5 (137.7, 246.0)
182 (138.0, 244.0)
192.0 (137.0, 247.8)
0.699
Serum albumin (g/L)
37.5 ± 4.6
37.5 ± 4.7
37.5 ± 4.4
0.984
INR
1.07 (1.01, 1.13)
1.07 (1.02, 1.13)
1.05 (0.99, 1.10)
0.001
Serum ALT (U/L)
33.0 (22.0, 47.0)
32.0 (22.0, 48.0)
34.0 (22.7, 43.0)
0.896
Serum AST (U/L)
37.0 (26.9, 54.0)
37.0 (26.0, 56.0)
35.0 (28.0, 51.0)
0.625
Serum bilirubin (μmol/L)
15.2 (11.7, 19.5)
14.5 (11.3, 19.2)
16.5 (12.6, 20.00)
0.002
Serum ALP (IU/L)
89.4 (68.0, 115.0)
90.0 (68.0, 115.0)
89.0 (67.0, 115.0)
0.850
Serum γ-GGT (IU/L)
57.0 (32.0, 115.3)
61.0 (33.0, 117.8)
53.6 (31.00, 113.0)
0.267
Serum CR (mmol/L)
78.0 (68.0, 89.0)
77.4 (67.6, 89.0)
77.4 (67.6, 89.0)
0.719
AFP (≥400/<400 (ng/mL))
177/397 (30.8%/69.1)
110/273 (28.7/71.2)
67/12 (35%/65.9%)
0.126
Cirrhosis (yes/no)
189/385 (32.9%/69.0%)
128/255 (33.4%/66.5%)
61/130 (31.9%/68.0)
0.778
CSPH (yes/no)
49/525 (8.5%/91.4%)
31/352 (8%/91.9%)
18/173 (9.4%/90.5%)
0.635
Positive HBsAg (yes/no)
480/90 (83.6%/16.3%)
317/66 (82.7%/17.2%)
163/28 (85.3%/14.6%)
0.240
Tumour number (multiple/single)
101/473 (17.5%/82.4%)
75/308 (19.5%/80.4%)
26/165 (13.6%/86.3%)
0.082
Ascites (yes/no)
45/529 (7.8%/92.1%)
28/355 (7.3%92.6%)
17/174 (8.9%/91.0%)
0.513
Tumour size (cm)
5.0 (2.8, 8.0)
4.5 (2.5, 8.0)
5.5 (3.1, 8.5)
0.078
Blood loss (mL)
265 (100, 700)
250 (100, 600)
300 (100, 800)
0.219
Major hepatectomy (yes/no)
210/364 (36.5%/63.4%)
139/244 (36.2%/63.7%)
71/120 (37.1%/62.8%)
0.854
Microvascular invasion (yes/no)
190/384 (33.1%/66.8%)
113/270 (29.5%/70.4%)
79/112 (41.3%/58.6%)
0.005
PHLF (0/A vs. B/C)
489/85 (85.1%/14.8%)
324/59 (84.5%/15.4%)
165/26 (86.3%/13.6%)
0.619
Child–Pugh grade (A/B)
510/64 (88.8%/11.1%)
340/43 (88.7%/11.2%)
139/21 (89.0%/10.9%)
0.560
ALBI score
−2.41 ± 0.40
−2.42 ± 0.42
−2.39 ± 0.38
0.400
MELD score
5.58 (3.81, 7.42)
5.61 (3.80, 7.38)
5.52 (3.84, 7.47)
0.582
APRI score
0.53 (0.32, 0.86)
0.54 (0.32, 0.87)
0.53 (0.32, 0.86)
0.903
PALBI score (≤−2.53/>2.53)
−2.98 (−3.21–2.68) 485/89 (84.4%/15.5%)
−2.99 (−3.23–2.69) 328/55 (85.6%/14.3%)
−2.94 (-3.17–2.64) 157/34 (82.1%/17.8%)
0.151
FIB-4 score (<1.45/≥1.45)
0.65 (0.42 1.04) 499/75 (86.9%/13.0%)
0.67 (0.43 1.05) 334/49 (87.2%/12.7%)
0.61 (0.39 0.99) 165/26 (86.3%/13.6%)
0.410
Abbreviations: INR, international normalised ratio; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; γ-GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; CR, creatinine; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; CSPH, clinically significant portal hypertension; HbsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; PHLF, postoperative liver failure; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; APRI, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; PALBI, platelet-albumin-bilirubin; FIB-4, fibrosis-4 index.
