Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Simultaneous Multiple Primary Lung Cancer

Table 4

Univariable and multivariable analyses of clinicopathologic factors associated with OS.

Characteristics	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis^†
	HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value
Age, yrs	1.10 (1.03–1.18)	0.005	1.14 (1.04–1.26)	0.008
Females	10.07 (2.28–44.49)	0.002
Histology, different vs. same	12.29 (4.44–34.03)	<0.001	10.00 (2.92–34.48)	<0.001
Smoking history	19.12 (4.33–84.34)	<0.001
FEV1	0.98 (0.95–0.99)	0.033
DLCO	0.99 (0.96–1.01)	0.333
dNLR	1.82 (1.10–3.02)	0.021
Neutrophile granulocyte, 10^9	1.97 (1.42–2.73)	<0.001	2.06 (1.30–3.27)	0.002
Number of lesions, >2 vs. 2	1.01 (0.32–3.18)	0.987
Largest nodule size, >2 vs. <2 cm	5.05 (1.43–17.81)	0.012
TNM stage, IB-IV vs. IA	7.87 (1.77–34.48)	0.007
Pleural invasion	9.43 (2.10–41.67)	0.003	7.09 (1.42–35.71)	0.017

BMI = body mass index; DLCO = diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; dNLR = derive neutrophil-to-lymphocyte radio; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; OS = overall survival.