Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Radiological Predictors, Pathological Features, and Perioperative Outcomes Associated with Perinephric Fat Adhesion Degree

Table 1

Clinical and radiographic characteristics stratified by adhesiveness of perinephric fat.

Characteristics	NPF (n = 20)	MiPF (n = 28)	MoPF (n = 18)	SPF (n = 18)	Total (n = 84)
Age (y)
≤55	12 (60)	13 (46)	7 (39)	4 (22)	36 (43)
>55	8 (40)	15 (54)	11 (61)	14 (78)	48 (57)
Male gender (%)	6 (30)	14 (50)	15 (83.3)	17 (94.4)	52 (61.9)
BMI, kg/m^2 (%)
≤25	8 (40)	15 (53.6)	6 (33.3)	4 (22.2)	33 (39.3)
25–30	10 (50)	9 (32.1)	10 (55.6)	9 (50)	38 (45.2)
≥30	2 (10)	4 (14.3)	2 (11.1)	5 (27.8)	13 (15.5)
Diabetes (%)	5 (25)	6 (21.4)	4 (22.2)	6 (33.3)	19 (22.6)
Hypertension (%)	5 (25)	12 (42.9)	9 (50)	12 (66.7)	38 (45.2)
Cardiovascular disease (%)	3 (15)	2 (7.1)	3 (16.7)	2 (11.1)	10 (11.9)
Preoperative eGFR (<60 ml/min) (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (11.1)	2 (2.4)
Active smoking (%)	7 (35)	9 (32.1)	7 (38.9)	8 (44.4)	31 (36.9)
Alcoholism (%)	7 (35)	11 (39.3)	6 (33.3)	8 (44.4)	32 (38.1)
Malignancy (%)	10 (50)	16 (57.1)	12 (66.7)	14 (77.8)	52 (61.9)
Preoperative creatinine (>ULN) (%)	4 (20)	3 (10.7)	3 (16.7)	4 (22.2)	14 (16.7)
HU of perinephric fat	−103 (−106.6, −99.3)	−101 (−107.8, −96.3)	−95 (−106.6, −94.2)	−88 (−98.1, −81.5)	−98 (−106.5, −93)
Perinephric fat area (cm^2)	0.69 (0.5, 1.3)	2.81 (1.8, 3.3)	5.44 (4.5, 7.1)	8.61 (6.2, 12.0)	3.05 (1.6, 6.2)
Perinephric fat thickness (mm)
Medial	1 (0, 3.5)	5.9 (3.8, 7.7)	7.5 (4.9, 10.6)	9.6 (6.8, 17.2)	5.8 (3.1, 9.2)
Lateral	1.1 (0, 6.3)	10.1 (4.9, 15.0)	17.5 (12.2, 23.8)	22.5 (8.9, 25.3)	11.2 (4.3, 20.1)
Posterior	3.5 (2.3, 5.3)	7.8 (6.0, 11.8)	12.7 (8.7, 16.1)	19.4 (16.2, 31.4)	9.7 (5.7, 15.8)
Posterolateral	8.8 (5.7, 11.8)	13.8 (9.0, 16.9)	15.7 (14.0, 20.8)	24 (19.0, 29.6)	15.1 (10.2, 22.3)
Stranding (%)
None	20 (100)	26 (92.8)	6 (33.3)	0 (0)	52 (61.9)
Type 1	0 (0)	2 (7.2)	11 (61.1)	11 (61.1)	24 (28.6)
Type 2	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5.6)	7 (39.9)	52 (9.5)