Targeting the Axl and mTOR Pathway Synergizes Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy to Butylidenephthalide in a Recurrent GBM

Figure 5

Molecular characterization of patient-derived GBM samples. (a) Representative H&E stain and immuno-histochemistry results of molecular markers showed the expression of GFAP, and Ki67 and IDH1 R132H were probed. (b) MGMT promoter methylation status was determined by measuring the percentage of methylated MGMT promoter in these five indicated CpG regions. Mean range of the regions <10%,10–26%, and ≧27% was considered as unmehtylated, intermediate methylated, and menthylated, respectively. (c) Detection of IFNγ in the patient’s serum from pre-operative day 0 to day 14 post-surgery. Baseline values on day 0 were 13.25 pg per milliliter, and the increase in levels of IFNγ appeared to correspond with CWs implantation. After 3 days, IFNγ levels started to decline in a time-dependent manner, which correlate with the slow release of (Z)-BP.

(a)

(b)

(c)