Targeting Strategies for Aberrant Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming and the Immune Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer: A Review

Figure 1

Overview of fatty acid metabolism in esophageal cancer cells. Lipid uptake can be achieved through multiple routes. ACLY, ATP citrate lyase; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FASN, fatty acid synthase; SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1; ACSS2, acetyl-CoA synthetase 2; ACS, acyl-CoA synthetases; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase. TGs/CE, triglycerides/cholesteryl esters; TAG, triacylglycerol; FAs, fatty acids; FAO, fatty acid oxidation; LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor; HMG-CoA, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; HMGCR, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; HMGCS, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase; LDs, lipid droplets; SREBPs, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins.