Targeting Strategies for Aberrant Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming and the Immune Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer: A Review

Figure 3

Lipid metabolism reprogramming in the esophageal cancer microenvironment affects the anti‐/pro‐tumoral functions of immune cells. MDSC, marrow-derived suppressor cells; DCs, dendritic cells; FAO, fatty acid oxidation; FAS, fatty acid synthesis; TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; FFA, free fatty acid; Tregs, regulatory T cells; NK Natural killer cells; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; IL-10, interleukin 10; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; STAT3, transcription 3; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; NF-κB, nuclear factor; FABPs, fatty acid-binding proteins; LRP4, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.