|
| Compounds | Function | Reference | Clinical trials/inhibitors |
|
| ACSS2 | Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) converts acetate to acetyl-CoA to participate in lipid metabolism and promote whole-body fat storage and utilization. | [71] | Amide-substituted condensed pyridine derivatives [72] tetrazoles [73] |
| ACC | Acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACC) are rate-limiting enzymes in de novo fatty acid synthesis, catalyzing acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. | [74] | Soraphen A piperidinyl derived analogs spiropiperidine derived compounds TOFA ND-630-related compounds Aryl ether derived analogs [68] Haloxyfop sethoxydim Andrimid moiramide B ESP-55016 S-2E CP-640186 [69] |
| SCDs | Atearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to ∆9-monounsaturated fatty acids. | [51] | A939572 MF-438 CVT-11127 CVT-12012 CAY10566 CAY10566 T-3764518 BZ36 SSI-4 SW208108 SW203668 [51] |
| CPT1 | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) as the key rate-limiting enzyme of FAO facilitates tumor development. | [75] | Etomoxir ST1326 [75] |
| HMGCR | The third step in the mevalonate pathway, catalyzed by HMGCR, that has been involved in the tumorigenesis of ESCC. | [35, 76] | Statins [77] |
| FABP1 | Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular proteins that ingest exogenous long-chain fatty acids (FA) into cells, thereby promoting tumor growth and utilization. | [48, 78] | Niacin derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, aryl-quinoline derivatives, bicyclicpyridine derivatives, urea derivatives, 1 2,5-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-±]pyrimidin-7 (4H)-ones N-(thiophen-2-y)acetamides [79] |
| CD36 | CD36 is a key carrier mediating exogenous uptake of fatty acids and a regulator of ESCC energy sources. | [31, 54] | ABT-510 CVX-O45 ABT-526 ABT-898 CVX-022 3TSR TAX2 ELK-SAHPs [54] |
| LDL | Low-density lipoprotein is a convenient biomarker and is strongly associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. | [70] | Anti-PCSK9 antibodies (evolocumab and alirocumab) [80] |
|
