Clinical Analysis of C-Shaped Embedded Pancreaticojejunostomy in Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 2

Diagnosis of postoperative biliary fistula.

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Diagnostic basis

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Clinical manifestations: symptoms of infection, peritoneal irritation sign

Laboratory examination: water electrolytes acid-base imbalance, increased blood alkaline phosphatase, increased direct bilirubin, increased blood cell count

Imaging examination: localized effusion in the biliary-enteric anastomosis

Diagnosis: diagnosed abdominal puncture (puncture and extract bile under CT or ultrasound guidance)

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