Understanding of Immune Escape Mechanisms and Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy

Figure 6

The gradual improvement of tumor immunotherapy strategies. In Step 1, the main goal is to enhance the lethality of the immune system against the tumor to reduce the harm of tumors spread to the human body. In Step 2, the researchers found that cancer could escape from the monitoring of the immune system through a series of immune pathways, from merely increasing the T cell effect to suppressing the tumor immune escape pathway. In Step 3, to further enhance the response rate and overall survival of the tumor patients, a new method of immunotherapy based on combination therapy and individualized therapy was adopted. MHC expression deficiency plays an essential role in tumor immunotherapy, one of the main directions for future treatment.