Research Article
Competitive Risk Model for Specific Mortality Prediction in Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study with Machine Learning
Table 1
Clinical features of the patients.
| | Factors | Training cohort (N = 27500) | Validation cohort (N = 11785) | All data (N = 39285) |
| | Age | 70.81 ± 11.84 | 70.85 ± 11.83 | 70.82 ± 11.84 |
| | Marriage | | Married | 17338 (63.05) | 7331 (62.21) | 24669 (62.79) | | Single | 3257 (11.84) | 1395 (11.84) | 4652 (11.84) | | Widowed | 4056 (14.75) | 1752 (14.87) | 5808 (14.78) | | Divorced and others | 2849 (10.36) | 1307 (11.09) | 4156 (10.58) |
| | Sex | | Female | 6780 (24.65) | 2932 (24.88) | 9712 (24.72) | | Male | 20720 (75.35) | 8853 (75.12) | 29573 (75.28) |
| | Race | | White | 24597 (89.44) | 10536 (89.4) | 35133 (89.43) | | Black | 1597 (5.81) | 692 (5.87) | 2289 (5.83) | | Other | 1306 (4.75) | 557 (4.73) | 1863 (4.74) |
| | Positive | | No nodes/Negative | 26222 (95.35) | 11221 (95.21) | 37443 (95.31) | | Positive | 1278 (4.65) | 564 (4.79) | 1842 (4.69) |
| | Primary | | Bladder, NOS | 8519 (30.98) | 3623 (30.74) | 12142 (30.91) | | Lateral wall of bladder | 6831 (24.84) | 3002 (25.47) | 9833 (25.03) | | Overlapping lesion of bladder | 3416 (12.42) | 1408 (11.95) | 4824 (12.28) | | Posterior wall of bladder | 2990 (10.87) | 1271 (10.78) | 4261 (10.85) | | Others | 5744 (20.89) | 2481 (21.05) | 8225 (20.94) |
| | Grade | | Grade I | 3281 (11.93) | 1444 (12.25) | 4725 (12.03) | | Grade II | 6854 (24.92) | 2943 (24.97) | 9797 (24.94) | | Grade III | 4555 (16.56) | 1968 (16.7) | 6523 (16.6) | | Grade IV | 12810 (46.58) | 5430 (46.08) | 1824 0(46.43) |
| | Behaviour | | Papillary transitional cell carcinoma | 18727 (68.1) | 8010 (67.97) | 26737 (68.06) | | Transitional cell carcinoma | 7284 (26.49) | 3139 (26.64) | 10423 (26.53) | | Others | 1489 (5.41) | 636 (5.4) | 2125 (5.41) |
| | Stage | | <I | 11834 (43.03) | 5144 (43.65) | 16978 (43.22) | | I | 6983 (25.39) | 2980 (25.29) | 9963 (25.36) | | II | 4286 (15.59) | 1869 (15.86) | 6155 (15.67) | | III | 1903 (6.92) | 738 (6.26) | 2641 (6.72) | | IV | 2494 (9.07) | 1054 (8.94) | 3548 (9.03) |
| | T | | T0 and others | 11889 (43.23) | 5163 (43.81) | 17052 (43.41) | | T1 | 7168 (26.07) | 3058 (25.95) | 10226 (26.03) | | T2 | 5059 (18.4) | 2205 (18.71) | 7264 (18.49) | | T3 | 2145 (7.8) | 891 (7.56) | 3036 (7.73) | | T4 | 1239 (4.51) | 468 (3.97) | 1707 (4.35) |
| | N | | N0 and others | 25670 (93.35) | 10978 (93.15) | 36648 (93.29) | | N1 | 704 (2.56) | 312 (2.65) | 1016 (2.59) | | N2 | 901 (3.28) | 402 (3.41) | 1303 (3.32) | | N3 | 225 (0.82) | 93 (0.79) | 318 (0.81) |
| | M | | M0 | 26578 (96.65) | 11429 (96.98) | 38007 (96.75) | | M1 | 922 (3.35) | 356 (3.02) | 1278 (3.25) |
| | Surgery | | Surg1 | 17746 (64.53) | 7542 (64) | 25288 (64.37) | | Surg2 | 3846 (13.99) | 1709 (14.5) | 5555 (14.14) | | Surg3 | 1446 (5.26) | 597 (5.07) | 2043 (5.2) | | Surg4 | 2035 (7.4) | 923 (7.83) | 2958 (7.53) | | Others | 2427 (8.83) | 1014 (8.6) | 3441 (8.76) |
| | Radiation | | Others | 1636 (5.95) | 659 (5.59) | 2295 (5.84) | | No radiation | 25864 (94.05) | 11126 (94.41) | 36990 (94.16) |
| | Chemotherapy | | Yes | 9288 (33.77) | 3874 (32.87) | 13162 (33.5) | | No | 18212 (66.23) | 7911 (67.13) | 26123 (66.5) |
| | Bone | | No | 27193 (98.88) | 11669 (99.02) | 38862 (98.92) | | Yes | 307 (1.12) | 116 (0.98) | 423 (1.08) |
| | Brain | | No | 27474 (99.91) | 11775 (99.92) | 39249 (99.91) | | Yes | 26 (0.09) | 10 (0.08) | 36 (0.09) |
| | Liver | | No | 27327 (99.37) | 11713 (99.39) | 39040 (99.38) | | Yes | 173 (0.63) | 72 (0.61) | 245 (0.62) |
| | Lung | | No | 27176 (98.82) | 11658 (98.92) | 38834 (98.85) | | Yes | 324 (1.18) | 127 (1.08) | 451 (1.15) |
| | Size | | <3 | 10526 (38.28) | 4534 (38.47) | 15060 (38.34) | | 3∼5 | 8123 (29.54) | 3502 (29.72) | 11625 (29.59) | | 5∼10 | 7122 (25.9) | 2975 (25.24) | 10097 (25.7) | | ≥10 | 1729 (6.29) | 774 (6.57) | 2503 (6.37) |
| | Number | | 1 | 17821 (64.8) | 7594 (64.44) | 25415 (64.69) | | >1 | 9679 (35.2) | 4191 (35.56) | 13870 (35.31) |
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Surgery 1 to 4 denote, respectively: excisional biopsy, electrocautery, radical cystectomy plus ileal conduit, and radical cystectomy (female only); anterior exenteration.
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