4.5 grams/day of CLA-FFA, 4.5 grams/day of CLA-triacylglycerol, or placebo
12 months
↓ BFM with CLA-triacylglycerol and CLA-FFA groups ( and kg, resp.; ) ↓ Body weight with CLA-triacylglycerol ( kg, ) ↓ BMI with CLA-triacylglycerol ( kg/m2, ) ↑ LBM with CLA-FFA (2.0 kg, )
Chitosan 3 grams/day with behavior modification; placebo with behavior modification; or minimal intervention control
60 days
↓ Body weight of 2.8 lbs. with chitosan versus placebo () ↓ Percent body fat of 0.8% with chitosan versus placebo () ↓ Fat mass of 2.6 lbs. with chitosan versus placebo () ↑ BCI of 2.4 lbs. with chitosan versus placebo ()
Pyruvate 30 grams/day and calcium pyruvate 16 grams/day, or placebo
21 days
↓ 0.22 kg with pyruvate versus ↓ 0.17 kg with placebo () ↓ BMI 2.2 kg/m2 with pyruvate versus ↓ 1.5 kg/m2 with placebo () ↓ Fat 7.3% with pyruvate versus ↓ 5.4% with placebo ()
↓ Body weight 5.6% with Irvingia gabonensis () ↓ Waist circumference 5.07% with Irvingia gabonensis () ↓ Hip circumference 3.42% with Irvingia gabonensis ()
↓ Body weight 12.8 kg with Irvingia gabonensis () ↓ Waist circumference 16.19 cm with Irvingia gabonensis () ↓ % body fat 6.3% with Irvingia gabonensis ()