Associations of FTO and MC4R Variants with Obesity Traits in Indians and the Role of Rural/Urban Environment as a Possible Effect Modifier
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population.
All1
Males1
Females1
Urban
Rural
2
Urban
Rural
2
6780
2276
1649
2025
830
Sex (% Female)
42
Urbanisation (% urban)
63
Age (years)
40.7 (0.13)
42.9 (0.20)
39.5 (0.28)
<.001
39.5 (0.20)
40.2 (0.40)
.12
Height (cm)
160.3 (0.11)
165.8 (0.14)
165.6 (0.15)
.52
153.1 (0.13)
152.4 (0.20)
.001
Weight (kg)
61.1 (0.15)
66.7 (0.24)
59.5 (0.28)
<.001
59.6 (0.27)
52.5 (0.39)
<.001
BMI (kg/m2)
23.8 (0.05)
24.3 (0.08)
21.7 (0.09)
<.001
25.4 (0.11)
22.6 (0.16)
<.001
Waist circumference (cm)
82.3 (0.14)
87.9 (0.23)
80.5 (0.28)
<.001
80.2 (0.24)
75.2 (0.38)
<.001
Hip circumference (cm)
94.3 (0.11)
94.7 (0.16)
90.0 (0.19)
<.001
98.0 (0.24)
92.8 (0.35)
<.001
WHR
0.87 (0.001)
0.93 (0.001)
0.89 (0.002)
<.001
0.82 (0.001)
0.81 (0.002)
.001
Percentage Body fat (%)
26.8 (0.10)
25.9 (0.14)
20.8 (0.18)
<.001
31.9 (0.17)
29.1 (0.26)
<.001
% Diabetic
6.8
9.8
3.6
<.001
7.1
4.3
.005
Dietary Fat intake (g/day)
83.1 (0.43)
96.0 (0.80)
79.9 (0.92)
<.001
79.6 (0.67)
62.7 (1.01)
<.001
Daily average MET score
38.8 (0.06)
38.4 (0.08)
41.2 (0.14)
<.001
37.5 (0.08)
38.4 (0.17)
<.001
BMI: bodymass index; WHR: waist-hip ratio; MET: metabolic equivalent tasks. 1Data presented as mean (standard error) or percentage (binary variables). 2 value for difference between rural and urban samples from linear and logistic regression (for diabetes) with robust standard errors to account for sibling pairs.
