Ethnic population
(Allele frequency in %)
(Allele frequency in %)Phenotypes Reference Caucasian 201 (41.2) 391 (32.5) A-allele associated with type 2 diabetes increased disposition index Krempler et al. 2002 [70 ] Caucasian 565 (32.4) 483 (33.6) AA genotype decreased insulin sensitivity and was associated with type 2 diabetes D’Adamo et al. 2004 [80 ] Caucasian — 2595 (37.0) AA genotype increased risk of type 2 diabetes, especially combined with obesity Gable et al. 2006 [99 ] P Caucasian — 302 (28.8) A-allele associated with decreased insulin secretion. Isolated islets of A-allele carriers had decreased in vitro insulin secretion Sesti et al. 2003 [72 ] Caucasian 131 (33.0) 118 (48.0) G-allele associated with type 2 diabetes and increased adipose tissue mRNA Wang et al. 2004 [73 ] Caucasian 746 (28.6) 327 (34.5) G-allele associated with type 2 diabetes Bulotta et al. 2005 [82 ] Caucasian — 2216 (38.1) GG genotype increased risk of type 2 diabetes Lyssenko et al. 2005 [100 ] P Indian 762 (35.0) 924 (41.0) G-allele associated with type 2 diabetes Rai et al. 2007 [101 ] Caucasian — 3122 (36.7) GG genotype increased risk of MI in men Cheurfa et al. 2008 [102 ]P Caucasian — 589 (38.2) AA genotype borderline associated with increased fasting insulin levels Esterbauer et al. 2001 [74 ] Pima Indian 864 (54.0) — Not associated with type 2 diabetes within group. AA genotype borderline associated with decreased insulin sensitivity
Kovacs et al. 2005 [83 ] 263 (55.5) — Various 1584 2198 (35.4–46.7) Not associated with type 2 diabetes Hsu et al. 2008 [87 ] Japanese 413 (47.2) 172 (43.1) Not associated with type 2 diabetes, but A-allele showed higher transcriptional activity and carriers had decreased AIR Sasahara et al. 2004 [71 ] Caucasian — 235 (43.2) No association with changes fasting p-glucose or s-insulin in glucose-tolerant subjects
Dalgaard et al. 2003 [60 ] 410 (34.5) Caucasian — 507 AA genotype decreased total cholesterol and decreased LDL-cholesterol. Salopuro et al. 2009 [88 ]P Caucasian — 296 (37.0) No influence on insulin sensitivity Le Fur et al. 2004 [89 ] Caucasian 375 (41.3) 2316 (35.8) A-allele associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk, increased risk of CAD and systolic BP, and increased oxidative stress Dhamrait et al. 2004 [77 ] Various — 901 (39.4) Diabetic A-allele carriers poor survival after MI Palmer et al. 2009 [103 ]P Caucasian 453 (33.0–36.0) AA genotype associated with increased oxidative stress and CAD Stephens et al. 2008 [104 ] Caucasian — 227 (39.3) Diab. neuropathy lower in AA genotype Rudofsky et al. [105 ] Caucasian — 280 (39.3) GG genotype associated with low-grade inflammation, but not insulin levels Labayen et al. 2009 [106 ] Caucasian — 383 (31.9) GG genotype associated with increased CRP Lapice et al. 2010 [107 ]
