Relationships of Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms with Obesity

Table 4

Confounding variables considered to cause the discrepancy of the relationships between β-adrenoceptor polymorphisms and phenotypes of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

Variables [reference number]	Findings in the studies
Severity of obesity [23, 28, 29]	In lean subjects, β2-AR polymorphisms linked to obesity and obesity-related hypertension, but in obese subjects β2- and β3-AR Polymorphisms related to obesity and obesity-related hypertension. Morbid obesity was linked with β3-AR polymorphisms, but Overweight or mild obesity was not associated with those.
Gender differences [71, 73]	Interaction between β1- and β2-AR polymorphisms with changes in BMI was observed in men only, while in women an interaction between β1- and β3-AR polymorphisms was observed in a longitudinal over a 24-year period large cohort study.
Ethnic difference [30]	Distributions of β-AR polymorphisms are different in 8 different ethnic population.
Haplotype [25, 73, 74, 76, 86, 93–97]	Functions expressed of β-AR polymorphisms are different due to the other β-AR polymorphisms.

AR: adrenoceptor; BMI: body mass index.