Authors and year Drug Population treated Age (years) Duration Effects on BMI or other metabolic effects Adverse events Chanoine et al. 2005 [8 ] Orlistat 357 obese adolescent 12–16 1 year BMI: −0.55 SD Mild to moderate gastrointestinal tract adverse events (9%–50%) Srinivasan et al. 2006 [9 ] Metformin 28 9–18 6 months BMI: −1.26 Kg/m2 (
); waist circumference: −2.8 cm (
); fasting insulin: −2.2 mU/liter (
) Nausea Kay et al. 2001 [10 ] Metformin 24 15.6
0.4 8 weeks Body fat: −6.0
0.62; fat-free mass was similar in metformin group and placebo. Enhances insulin sensitivity, significant reduction in plasma leptin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid. Nausea, dizziness, and stools
Freemark and Bursey 2001 [11 ] Metformin 29 12–19 6 months BMI: decline of 0.12 SD and a 5.5% reduction in serum leptin in girls. Metformin caused a progressive decline in fasting blood glucose and a reduction in fasting insulin levels. Transient abdominal discomfort or diarrhea Jones et al. 2002 [12 ] Metformin 82 10–16 16 weeks Improved glycemic control, the adjusted mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose was −2.4 mmol/L. Mean Hb
values was significantly lower. Gastrointestinal side effects (diarrhea)
Berkowitz et al. 2003 [13 ] Sibutramine 82 13–17 6 months BMI: −8.5% Elevated blood pressure and/or pulse rate, ventricular premature beats, cholelithiasis, ecchymoses, and rash
Berkowitz et al. 2006 [14 ] Sibutramine 498 12–16 12 months BMI: −2.9 Kg/m2 ; body weight: −8.4 Kg (
for both); greater improvements in triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, insulin levels and sensitivity Tachycardia Garcia-Morales et al. 2006 [15 ] Sibutramine 46 14–18 6 months BMI: −9.2% No significant difference in blood pressure, tachycardia, headache with nausea, or weakness Godoy-Matos et al. 2005 [16 ] Sibutramine 60 14–17 6 months The mean BMI reduction was greater in the sibutramine group: 3.6 ± 2.5 Kg/m2 No significant difference in blood pressure or heart rate Van Mil et al. 2007 [17 ] Sibutramine 24 12–17 12 weeks Effect on BMI-SDS not significant Abdominal complaints, insomnia, headache, loss of interest, and loss of appetite Daniels et al. 2007 [18 ] Sibutramine 498 12–16 12 months BMI reduction was > or = 5% Small mean decreases in blood pressure and pulse rate were seen in both sibutramine and placebo
